Panic disorder can cause panic attack symptoms such as sudden fear, shortness of breath, chest tightness, a racing heart, trembling, and heavy sweating. These symptoms can happen repeatedly, begin without warning, and become more intense within minutes.
The exact causes of panic disorder are not fully understood. However, it is more common in young women and in people with a family history of the condition.
Anyone who may have panic disorder should see a psychiatrist for an evaluation. Treatment usually includes psychotherapy and prescription medications, such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medications, to manage symptoms and help prevent future attacks.
13 common panic attack symptoms
The most common panic attack symptoms are:
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A sudden and intense feeling of anxiety or fear;
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Shortness of breath;
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Chest tightness;
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A racing heart;
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Trembling;
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Heavy sweating;
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Chills;
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Dizziness;
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Feeling weak or faint;
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Nausea;
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Abdominal pain;
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Tingling in parts of the body;
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Fear of dying.
Panic attack symptoms can begin suddenly without an obvious reason. They usually become more intense within a few minutes and may leave the person feeling tired or exhausted after they pass.
Although panic attacks are generally not life-threatening, a person may develop an ongoing fear of having another attack. This fear may cause them to avoid situations, activities, or places where previous attacks occurred.
Online panic disorder quiz
Check-out our online symptom screening test to determine whether your symptoms may be related to panic disorder.
Please note that this quiz is only an informative tool. It does not provide a diagnosis or replace a consultation with a licensed health care professional.
What to do during a panic attack
Some techniques that may help manage symptoms during a panic attack include:
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Staying where the attack began until it passes, provided the location is safe. Feeling out of control may lead to an accident, especially if the attack begins while driving;
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Remembering that the attack is temporary and that the fear and physical symptoms will soon pass. Focusing on an object or thought that shifts attention away from the panic may help, such as watching the hands of a clock or closely observing an item in a store;
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Breathing deeply and slowly, counting to 3 while breathing in and to 3 again while breathing out. This may help regulate breathing and reduce feelings of anxiety and panic;
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Facing the fear by recognizing that there is no immediate danger and remembering that the symptoms will soon pass;
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Thinking about or imagining positive things, such as places, people, or past experiences that bring a sense of calm and peace;
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Avoiding pretending that nothing is happening, as the attack may become worse. Anyone who is driving or riding a bicycle should stop in a safe place to avoid putting themselves or others at risk.
Controlled breathing and relaxation practices such as yoga may also help reduce stress and support ongoing treatment. These practices should not replace psychotherapy or medication prescribed by a healthcare professional.
How to help someone having a panic attack
To help someone who is having a panic attack, remain calm and take the person to a quiet, safe place. Speak using short sentences and simple instructions.
If the person normally takes a prescribed medication for anxiety, help them access or take it only as directed. Avoid sudden movements that could make them feel more frightened or overwhelmed.
To help reduce symptoms, encourage the person to breathe slowly with you. You can also ask them to perform simple movements, such as gently stretching their arms above their head.