The birth control patch is a hormonal contraceptive method used to prevent pregnancy. It contains norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol, which are released continuously through the skin in small daily doses.
This transdermal patch is available in pharmacies under brand names such as Xulane and Twirla in the United States. Proper use is important to ensure effectiveness, including making sure the patch stays in place and avoiding applying it to the same area consecutively.
The birth control patch should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider. A gynecologist can help determine whether this method is appropriate and recommend other contraceptive options if needed.
What it is for
The birth control patch, which contains norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol, is used to prevent unintended pregnancy.
When used correctly, the patch is up to 99.4% effective.
It is important to note that the birth control patch does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Using condoms during sexual activity is recommended for STI protection.
How the patch works
The patch releases hormones into the bloodstream that prevent ovulation. It also thickens cervical mucus, making it harder for sperm to reach the uterus and significantly reducing the chances of pregnancy.
With correct use, menstrual bleeding typically occurs during the patch-free week, similar to what happens with birth control pills.
How to apply the patch
To use the contraceptive patch:
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Wash the area of skin where the patch will be applied with soap and water, and dry it thoroughly
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Carefully open the package containing the patch
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Peel off half of the protective backing
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Apply that half to the skin on the upper arm, back, lower abdomen, or buttocks
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Remove the remaining backing and press the patch firmly onto the skin
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Press gently for about 10 seconds to ensure the edges stick well
Place the patch in a visible and easy-to-reach area so you can check it daily.
Where to apply
The patch should be applied to clean, dry, hairless skin on areas such as the outer upper arm, buttocks, lower abdomen, or back. Avoid areas where clothing may rub against it.
Do not apply the patch to the breasts or to skin that is irritated, inflamed, cut, or damaged.
How to use
To start using the transdermal birth control patch:
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If you have not used hormonal contraception before: apply the first patch on the first day of your period
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If switching from a birth control pill: apply the first patch on the first day of withdrawal bleeding (your period). If bleeding does not occur within 5 days, take a pregnancy test before starting the patch
If the patch is not applied on the first day of your period or withdrawal bleeding, use condoms during sexual activity for the first 7 days.
When to change the patch
The patch should be changed as follows:
After the 7-day break, apply a new patch on the 8th day to begin a new 21-day cycle.
Always apply the new patch to a different area of the body, at the same time of day and on the same day of the week, regardless of whether bleeding occurs.
For example, if the first patch is applied on a Monday, all future changes should also be done on Mondays.
What to do if you forget to change the patch
If you miss a scheduled change:
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Delay of 1 day at the start of the cycle: apply the patch as soon as you remember and use that day as your new schedule. Use condoms for the next 7 days
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Delay of 1-2 days (up to 48 hours) in weeks 2 or 3: apply a new patch immediately. Continue the schedule as usual without additional protection
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Delay of more than 2 days (over 48 hours) in weeks 2 or 3: stop the current cycle and start a new 4-week cycle with a new patch. Use condoms for the next 7 days
If you forget to remove the patch on day 22, remove it as soon as you remember and continue the next cycle as usual without additional contraception.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages and disadvantages of the birth control patch are:
Because the patch delivers hormones directly into the bloodstream and bypasses the digestive system, its effectiveness is not affected by nausea or vomiting.
Precautions during use
To ensure proper use of the patch:
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Use only one patch at a time
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Do not cut or split the patch
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Keep it on for 7 days before replacing it
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Do not reuse a patch that has come off
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Change the patch on the same day and at the same time each week
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Avoid applying creams, gels, or lotions over the patch
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Do not wear the same patch for more than 7 days
The patch is designed to stay in place during normal activities such as bathing, swimming, or exercising, but it should still be checked daily.
Avoid placing the patch on areas where the skin folds or where tight clothing may cause it to wrinkle.
What to do if the patch comes off
If the patch comes off within the first 24 hours, try to reapply it in the same location. If it does not stick, apply a new patch without changing your schedule.
If the patch comes off more than 24 hours after partial detachment, apply a new patch and start a new 3-week cycle. Use condoms for the first 7 days.
Possible side effects
Side effects are similar to those of birth control pills and may include skin irritation, irregular vaginal bleeding, fluid retention, increased blood pressure, dark spots on the skin, nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness, cramps, abdominal pain, mood changes, depression, dizziness, hair loss, and increased vaginal infections.
Does the birth control patch cause weight gain?
Like other hormonal contraceptives, the patch may affect appetite and hormone balance, which can lead to weight gain in some people.
When it is not recommended
The birth control patch is not recommended for women with liver disease, those who are postmenopausal, individuals at risk of blood clots, those with a history of migraines, or those allergic to any of its components.
It should also be avoided in cases of suspected breast or endometrial cancer.
Although not an absolute contraindication, the patch may be less effective in women weighing more than 90 kg (about 198 lbs). A healthcare provider can help determine the most appropriate contraceptive method.