Umbilical Hernia Surgery: How It's Performed & Recovery

Umbilical hernia surgery, also known as herniorrhaphy, is a procedure primarily recommended for adults and children aged 5 and older. The surgery aims to repair the hernia and prevent it from recurring, which helps avoid serious complications like intestinal strangulation or infection.

An umbilical hernia is identified by a bulge in or around the belly button area. This bulge occurs when fat or a portion of the intestine pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle due to increased pressure.

While many umbilical hernias do not cause symptoms, larger ones may lead to discomfort or nausea. This pain often becomes more noticeable during physical strain, such as lifting heavy objects or bending over.

When it is recommended

Umbilical hernia surgery is mainly advised for adults who experience symptoms or for those whose hernia is growing larger over time. Doctors typically monitor stable, asymptomatic hernias through regular check-ups to determine if surgery becomes necessary later.

For children, the procedure is usually reserved for cases where the hernia is exceptionally large. It is also recommended if the hernia has not naturally closed on its own by the time the child reaches age 4 or 5.

How to prepare

Before scheduling the procedure, doctors typically order several diagnostic tests to ensure the patient is healthy enough for surgery. These standard evaluations often include a complete blood count (CBC), blood glucose levels, kidney function tests (urea and creatinine), an EKG, and a chest X-ray.

Patients are generally advised to avoid strenuous physical activity and to stop taking blood-thinning medications on the day before the surgery. Additionally, a fasting period of at least 8 hours is required to prepare the body for anesthesia.

How umbilical hernia surgery is performed

The procedure is relatively straightforward and can be performed through either a traditional open incision or a minimally invasive laparoscopic approach. Both methods focus on returning the protruding tissue to its proper place and reinforcing the abdominal wall.

In an open surgery, a single incision is made near the navel, usually under regional anesthesia like an epidural. The surgeon pushes the hernia back into the abdomen, stitches the muscle closed, and often places a synthetic mesh over the area to provide extra support and prevent recurrence.

Laparoscopic surgery is performed under general anesthesia and involves three tiny incisions rather than one large one. Using a small camera and specialized tools, the surgeon repairs the hernia and secures the mesh internally, which often results in a faster recovery time.

What to expect during recovery

Recovery is typically faster for patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery, with most people returning home within a day or two. Most patients are able to resume their normal daily routines within approximately two weeks.

It is normal to experience mild pain, swelling, or redness around the surgical site during the first few days of healing. If the discomfort is bothersome, doctors may prescribe or recommend pain relief medication to manage these symptoms.

Some patients may also notice temporary changes in their bowel movements immediately following the procedure. This is a common part of the healing process and usually resolves quickly as the body adjusts.

Post-operative care

To ensure proper healing and prevent complications, patients should follow these recovery guidelines:

• Avoid lifting objects heavier than 11 pounds for the first month and stay under 22 pounds for three months.

• Support the incision site with your hand or a pillow when coughing or sneezing to reduce pressure on the stitches.

• Refrain from driving for at least 3 to 5 days following the surgery.

• Wait 4 to 6 weeks before engaging in any intense physical exercise or heavy sports.

• Wear an abdominal binder or support belt if recommended to increase comfort during movement.

• Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption, as these can interfere with the body's ability to heal.

Focusing on a diet rich in lean proteins, such as eggs, chicken breast, and fish, can help the body repair tissue more efficiently. It is also important to stay hydrated to keep the skin elastic and healthy during the recovery phase.

Conversely, pro-inflammatory foods that are high in sugar or saturated fats, such as ham, sausage, bacon, and fried foods, should be avoided. These items can increase inflammation and potentially slow down the surgical healing process.