Herniated Disc in Neck: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

A herniated disc in the neck happens when one of the discs between the vertebrae in the neck becomes compressed and presses on nearby nerve roots. This can cause symptoms such as neck pain, tingling, or numbness in the arms.

This condition is more common after age 40, but it can happen earlier. It is seen more often in people with poor posture or in those who work in uncomfortable positions, such as painters, bakers, or dentists.

Treatment for a herniated disc in the neck is managed by an orthopedic surgeon. Depending on how severe the symptoms are, options may include physical therapy, medication, or, in more serious cases, surgery.

Main symptoms

The main symptoms of a herniated disc in the neck are:

• Neck pain when turning or lowering the head.

• Pain that radiates to the shoulder, shoulder blade, arm, or hand.

• Muscle spasms in the neck.

• Tingling or numbness in the arm and hand.

• Muscle weakness in the arm or hand.

• Difficulty moving the neck.

Based on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, compression of nerves in the neck can cause pain that radiates into the shoulder or arm, as well as numbness and muscle weakness.

Symptoms can vary depending on which cervical vertebra is affected and, in some cases, may also affect motor coordination.

It’s important to see an orthopedic surgeon as soon as symptoms of a cervical herniated disc appear so the condition can be properly diagnosed and the right treatment started based on its severity.

Is a herniated disc serious?

A herniated disc in the neck can become serious if the disc shifts out of place or ruptures and treatment is delayed.

This can put pressure on the spinal cord, causing a condition called cervical myelopathy, which may lead to progressive loss of movement, trouble walking, balance issues, or even paralysis in all four limbs.

Confirming a diagnosis

The diagnosis of a cervical herniated disc is made by an orthopedic surgeon based on symptoms, health history, and a physical exam. 

In addition, the doctor may order imaging tests such as an X-ray, CT scan, and/or MRI to look for signs of inflammation in the cervical discs and assess how severe the herniation is.

According to the American College of Radiology, MRI of the cervical spine is generally an appropriate imaging test for evaluating cervical pain with radiculopathy, while CT may also be appropriate in selected cases.

Possible causes

The main causes of a herniated disc in the neck are:

• Age, as it is more common after age 40.

• Degeneration or dehydration of the disc with aging.

• Trauma or injury to the neck.

• Poor posture.

• Repetitive neck strain, such as frequent bending or twisting.

• Smoking.

In addition, jobs that involve repetitive neck strain or heavy lifting, such as dentistry, nursing, painting, baking, or driving, may also increase the risk of developing a cervical herniated disc.

Treatment options

Treatment for a herniated disc in the neck should be guided by an orthopedic surgeon and may vary depending on how severe the symptoms are and whether there is nerve compression in the area.

The main treatments for a cervical herniated disc are:

1. Applying a warm compress

Applying a warm compress or a heating pad to your neck three or four times a day can help ease pain. It’s also a good idea to use heat before doing stretches recommended by your doctor or physical therapist, as warmth can help loosen the muscles and improve your range of motion.

2. Taking medications

A healthcare provider may recommend medications to help relieve pain and discomfort.

The main medications for a herniated disc in the neck are:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or celecoxib.

• Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen.

• Muscle relaxants, such as cyclobenzaprine or baclofen.

• Opioids, such as tramadol or codeine.

• Anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin or pregabalin.

In some cases, the doctor may also use corticosteroid (cortisone) injections in the affected area to help relieve pain quickly.

3. Physical therapy

Treatment for a cervical herniated disc includes daily physical therapy sessions, where equipment may be used to help reduce pain, improve symptoms, and improve head movement.

Heat-based techniques may also be recommended for the neck area, making it easier to do stretches and massages that help reduce muscle stiffness.

Manual therapy techniques, including spinal manipulation and cervical traction, are good options for increasing the space between the vertebrae and reducing pressure on the spinal disc.

4. Exercises

Stretching exercises can be started early in treatment and can also be done at home 2 to 3 times a day.

In addition, clinical Pilates exercises guided by a physical therapist are excellent treatment options because they help improve posture and head and shoulder positioning, which may improve symptoms and help prevent the herniated disc from getting worse.

5. Surgery

Surgery for a herniated disc in the neck may be recommended when a person has severe pain that does not improve even with anti-inflammatory medications and several physical therapy sessions.

Surgery for a cervical herniated disc is delicate and does not necessarily cure the condition, but it may reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

Prevention measures

Some ways to help prevent a cervical herniated disc include:

• Maintaining good neck posture when sitting or sleeping.

• Doing muscle-strengthening and stretching exercises.

• Avoiding repetitive movements such as lowering or turning the head.

• Maintaining a healthy weight.

• Not smoking.

In addition, for people whose jobs increase the risk of cervical herniated disc, it is recommended to use proper equipment when lifting weight and to maintain good posture to avoid excess strain on the neck.