Hepatomegaly, or an enlarged liver, is a condition in which the liver increases in size beyond its normal range. This enlargement can often be felt by gently pressing on the area just below the right rib cage.
An enlarged liver usually does not cause symptoms and may simply indicate fatty liver disease. However, if symptoms such as abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin and eyes, pale stools, fever, or general malaise occur, hepatomegaly may be linked to conditions such as hepatitis, heart failure, cirrhosis, or tumors.
If liver swelling develops, especially when other symptoms are present, it’s important to see a primary care doctor, gastroenterologist, or hepatologist for a thorough evaluation.
Main symptoms
An enlarged liver typically does not cause symptoms, but some people may experience:
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Abdominal pain
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Loss of appetite
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Nausea
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Vomiting
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Fatigue
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Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
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Pain when the abdomen is pressed
These symptoms are often related to the underlying cause of hepatomegaly. If they occur, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for a complete medical assessment.
Confirming a diagnosis
The diagnosis of hepatomegaly can be made by a hepatologist, gastroenterologist, or primary care doctor through a physical exam and by reviewing the person’s symptoms and medical history.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may order blood tests (including liver enzyme and bilirubin levels), and/or imaging exams, such as an abdominal ultrasound or CT scan
Possible causes
The main causes of hepatomegaly include:
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Fatty liver disease (hepatic steatosis)
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Excessive alcohol consumption
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Heart disease
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Hepatitis
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Cirrhosis
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Leukemia
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Heart failure
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Nutritional deficiencies such as marasmus and kwashiorkor
Metabolic disorders (such as lipid storage diseases and Wilson’s disease), infections caused by parasites or bacteria, and liver tumors can also lead to hepatomegaly.
Treatment options
Treatment for hepatomegaly focuses on managing the underlying cause of the liver enlargement. This may involve the use of antiparasitic, antibiotic, or anti-inflammatory medications, as prescribed by a doctor.
In addition, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential. This includes regular physical activity, following a balanced diet, and avoiding alcohol consumption.