A follicular cyst is a type of functional (benign) ovarian cyst, meaning a small fluid‑filled sac that forms in or on an ovary. Many follicular cysts cause no symptoms, but larger cysts or those that rupture may lead to lower abdominal or pelvic pain, a feeling of pressure or bloating in the lower belly, and changes in menstruation.
This type of ovarian cyst develops when a follicle does not rupture to release its egg and instead continues to fill with fluid. They occur most often in women of reproductive age and are uncommon before puberty and after menopause.
Most follicular cysts go away on their own within one to two menstrual cycles (about 4–8 weeks) without treatment, but a gynecologist may recommend closer follow‑up or surgery if the cyst is very large or leads to complications like ovarian torsion.
Main symptoms
The main symptoms of a follicular cyst include:
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Pain or discomfort on one side of the abdomen;
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A feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen;
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Vaginal bleeding outside the menstrual period;
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Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding;
Many follicular cysts cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms. However, sudden and severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting can occur, especially if the cyst ruptures or if ovarian torsion occurs.
Also recommended: 15 Ovarian Cyst Symptoms (with Online Symptoms Checker) tuasaude.com/en/ovarian-cyst-symptomsIs a follicular cyst cancer?
A follicular cyst is not cancer. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), functional ovarian cysts are typically benign and often resolve without treatment within about 6 to 8 weeks. In most cases, it disappears on its own within 6 to 8 weeks.
Possible causes
A follicular cyst develops when a follicle (the structure in the ovary that holds the egg) does not rupture during ovulation. When this happens, a sac filled with fluid or blood can form inside the ovary or on its surface.
This type of ovarian cyst is more common in women who have had a tubal ligation. It is also more common during the reproductive years and during pregnancy, especially in younger women.
Confirming a diagnosis
A gynecologist diagnoses a follicular cyst by reviewing symptoms, performing a pelvic exam, and evaluating imaging results. Imaging tests may include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Because symptoms of a follicular cyst can be similar to symptoms from other ovarian cysts, a doctor may also order a CA 125 blood test. This test can help identify cysts that may be associated with ovarian cancer.
Treatment options
A follicular cyst often goes away on its own within 1 to 2 menstrual cycles and does not require medical treatment. Even so, follow-up visits and imaging tests at intervals recommended by the doctor are important to confirm that the cyst has resolved.
If a follicular cyst is large, causes significant symptoms, or does not go away over time, the doctor may recommend surgery to remove it. Surgery is also usually required if complications occur, such as ovarian torsion or a rupture that leads to significant internal bleeding or severe, persistent pain.
Can someone with a follicular cyst get pregnant?
A follicular cyst usually does not prevent pregnancy, especially when it does not affect menstruation. It also tends to go away on its own within a few weeks.