A vegetarian diet usually avoids meat, poultry, and fish, but may still include animal-based foods such as milk, cheese, yogurt, and eggs. A vegan diet excludes all foods derived from animals, including dairy products, eggs, and other animal-derived ingredients.
Both eating patterns can support good health when they are carefully planned and include a wide range of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, and healthy fats. Vegetarian and vegan diets may be associated with lower body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and a reduced risk of certain long-term health conditions, particularly when the overall diet is balanced and nutrient-rich.
One important consideration is that vegan diets often require more attention to nutrient intake because some nutrients are less readily available from plant foods alone. These include vitamin B12, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. Fortified foods or dietary supplements may be helpful, especially for meeting vitamin B12 needs.
Anyone considering a vegetarian or vegan diet, particularly children, pregnant individuals, older adults, or people with specific health conditions, may benefit from consulting a registered dietitian or healthcare professional to ensure their nutritional needs are being met.