Diclofenac is a medication with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It works by reducing the production of inflammatory substances in the body. It is commonly used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatism, menstrual cramps, or pain after surgery.
This medication is available in pharmacies in several forms, including tablets, oral suspension, suppositories, injectable solution, and topical gel. Brand names include Voltaren, and generic versions are available as diclofenac sodium or diclofenac potassium.
Although diclofenac is generally safe, it should only be used under medical supervision, for the duration recommended by a healthcare provider, and with individualized dosing based on the condition being treated.
What diclofenac is used for
Diclofenac is indicated for the short-term treatment of pain and inflammation in the following situations:
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Postoperative pain and inflammation, such as after orthopedic or dental surgery
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Inflammatory pain following injury, such as sprains or strains
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Arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis
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Rheumatism
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Back pain
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Flare-ups of osteoarthritis
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Acute gout attacks
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Tennis elbow
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Frozen shoulder
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Painful or inflammatory gynecological conditions, such as menstrual cramps or pelvic inflammatory disease
In some cases, diclofenac may also be used to relieve pain and inflammation in the ear, nose, or throat associated with severe infections.
Can diclofenac help with a sore throat?
Diclofenac may be prescribed by a doctor to reduce inflammation and relieve throat pain caused by a sore throat.
How to use
Diclofenac usage depends on the form of the medication:
1. 50 mg tablets
The usual adult dose is 100 to 150 mg per day, or 2 to 3 tablets of 50 mg daily. For milder cases, the dose may be reduced to 75 to 100 mg per day.
Do not take more than 3 tablets (150 mg) of diclofenac per day.
The duration of treatment should be determined by a healthcare provider, depending on the condition and severity of the symptoms.
Tablets should be taken orally with a glass of water, preferably before meals.
2. Oral suspension
In the US, diclofenac potassium is available as an oral solution (such as Cambia), approved only for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. It is not approved for pediatric use or for other conditions.
Always follow medical guidance regarding the appropriate dose and indication for this form.
3. 50 mg suppositories
Each suppository contains 50 mg of diclofenac sodium and is intended for adult use only. The usual dose is 100 to 150 mg per day, or 2 to 3 suppositories daily.
Suppositories should be inserted into the rectum while lying down, preferably after a bowel movement.
4. 75 mg injectable ampoules
Injectable diclofenac should be administered into the gluteal muscle by a trained healthcare professional. The standard adult dose is one 75 mg ampoule per day.
In some cases, the doctor may increase the dose or combine the injection with tablets or suppositories, up to a maximum daily dose of 150 mg.
5. Diclofenac gel
Topical diclofenac gel is used to relieve muscle and joint pain, swelling, or inflammation in adults and adolescents aged 14 years and older.
Apply the gel directly to the affected area 3 to 4 times daily, massaging gently to help absorption. Do not apply to broken or irritated skin.
Wash hands thoroughly after use to avoid accidental contact with the eyes, mouth, or nose.
Topical diclofenac is available in generic form or under brand names such as Voltaren Arthritis Pain Gel (1% diclofenac sodium), which is FDA-approved.
What to do if you forget a dose
If you forget to take a tablet, oral suspension, or suppository, take it as soon as you remember.
If it’s almost time for the next dose, skip the missed one and resume your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Possible side effects
Common side effects of diclofenac include:
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Headache
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Dizziness or lightheadedness
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Stomach pain or discomfort
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Nausea or vomiting
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Diarrhea
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Indigestion
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Abdominal cramps
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Bloating
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Loss of appetite
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Skin rashes or blistering
Injectable diclofenac may also cause pain, irritation, or stiffness at the injection site. Topical diclofenac gel may cause skin redness, itching, swelling, blistering, or peeling at the application site.
Although rare, serious side effects that require immediate medical attention can occur, including:
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Heart attack or stroke, with symptoms like chest pain radiating to the jaw or shoulder, sudden numbness or tingling on one side of the body, slurred speech, or difficulty speaking
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Severe allergic reactions with symptoms like difficulty breathing, coughing, tightness in the throat, or swelling of the mouth, tongue, or face
You are advised to speak to your prescriber if you notice any side effects after starting diclogenac.
Who should not use diclofenac
Diclofenac should not be used by:
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Pregnant or breastfeeding women
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People with stomach or intestinal ulcers, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or severe liver, kidney, or heart disease
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People with uncontrolled high blood pressure
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Anyone allergic to diclofenac or other NSAIDs, including aspirin, naproxen, or ibuprofen
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People with asthma, nasal polyps, rhinitis, or hives triggered or worsened by NSAIDs
Diclofenac can also enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications like warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding.
Diclofenac gel should not be applied to open wounds or used near the eyes. Suppositories should be avoided in people with rectal pain.