Copaiba, scientifically known as Copaifera spp., is a medicinal tree native to the Amazon rainforest and other tropical regions of South America. Its resin, called copaiba oil or copaiba balsam, has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its healing and anti-inflammatory effects.
The oil extracted from copaiba contains several bioactive compounds, mainly terpenoids and sesquiterpenes, which are responsible for many of its therapeutic properties. Studies show that these compounds may help treat infections, reduce inflammation, and support wound healing.
Recent research has also explored its potential benefits for skin care, pain relief, and respiratory and digestive health. Copaiba comes from several species, including Copaifera reticulata, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Copaifera multijuga, which vary slightly in chemical composition and activity.
Health benefits
The benefits of copaiba include:
1. Anti-inflammatory properties
Copaiba oil contains β-caryophyllene, a terpene that activates CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the body, helping regulate the immune system and reduce inflammation. Research suggests it can decrease swelling and promote tissue recovery in inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and asthma.
2. Wound healing
Studies in both humans and animals have shown that topical application of copaiba oil can speed up wound healing, stimulate collagen production, and lower the risk of infection. It is often used in diluted essential oils or ointments to help heal skin injuries and support recovery after surgery.
3. Antibacterial and antifungal effects
Copaiba oil has demonstrated antimicrobial activity against several bacteria and fungi, including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Its compounds may help control bacterial growth, making it a promising natural ingredient for oral care and skin health products.
4. Pain relief
Research shows that copaiba oil has natural pain-relieving effects, likely due to its anti-inflammatory and cannabinoid-like actions. When used topically or in aromatherapy, it may help reduce muscle, joint, or nerve pain.
5. Antioxidant activity
Copaiba extracts contain compounds that help neutralize free radicals, protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. This antioxidant effect supports cardiovascular and metabolic health.
6. Gastroprotective effect
Certain species, such as Copaifera langsdorffii, have shown protective effects on the stomach lining, helping prevent ulcers and reducing gastric inflammation in animal studies.
7. Neuroprotective potential
Copaiba oil may also help protect brain cells by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. Experimental studies suggest it can lower microglial activation, which may be beneficial in conditions related to neurodegeneration.
Types of copaiba
There are more than 30 known species of Copaifera, but the most commonly studied and commercially used are Copaifera reticulata, Copaifera langsdorffii, and Copaifera multijuga. These species share similar medicinal properties, though their chemical composition( particularly the concentration of terpenes and acids) can vary slightly.
How to use it
Copaiba can be used in the following forms:
1. Copaiba oil
Copaiba oil is the most common form, obtained directly from the tree trunk resin. It can be diluted in a carrier oil and applied to the skin for massages or used on minor wounds. A few drops may also be added to creams or ointments to support skin health.
2. Copaiba capsules or supplements
Copaiba supplements are available in capsules or softgels that contain standardized amounts of copaiba oleoresin. They are often used to support anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The dosage varies depending on the manufacturer, so it’s important to follow the instructions on the product label.
3. Copaiba tea
Although less common, copaiba leaves can be used to prepare herbal tea. To make it, boil one teaspoon of dried leaves in one cup of water for about 10 minutes and strain before drinking. This tea may help with mild inflammation or respiratory discomfort but should not replace medical treatment.
4. Aromatherapy
Copaiba essential oil can also be used in aromatherapy. When diffused, its scent may promote relaxation, reduce stress, and support emotional balance, according to preliminary studies.
Possible side effects and contraindications
Copaiba is generally considered safe when used in small amounts, but large doses or undiluted oil may cause skin irritation or digestive discomfort. Some people may experience nausea, vomiting, or allergic reactions after ingesting excessive amounts.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid using copaiba oil or supplements because there is not enough safety data. People with chronic conditions such as liver disease or high blood pressure should consult a healthcare provider before using copaiba products.
Long-term or unsupervised use is not recommended. It’s also important to ensure that copaiba oil is pure, properly diluted, and purchased from reputable sources to minimize health risks.