Cloves benefits stem from their high levels of antioxidants and essential oils, which come from the dried flower buds of the Syzygium aromaticum tree. These compounds have long been explored for their effects on inflammation, digestive comfort, and general wellness.
Studies show that cloves benefits may include supporting oral health, aiding digestion, and offering antimicrobial activity. Preliminary research also points to possible influences on blood sugar, inflammation, and liver protection, though more human studies are still needed.
Despite these potential cloves benefits, concentrated clove oil or supplements can cause side effects like skin irritation, liver issues, or increased bleeding risk. Safety considerations are especially important for children, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people taking anticoagulants.
Health benefits
Some clove benefits include:
1. Provide antioxidant protection
Cloves are a rich source of antioxidants, including eugenol, flavonoids, and vitamin C, which help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body. These compounds may contribute to overall cell health and lower the risk of chronic diseases.
2. Support oral health
Clove oil is traditionally used to relieve dental pain due to its high eugenol content, which acts as a natural analgesic and antibacterial agent. Studies support its use in reducing toothache and inhibiting oral bacteria like Streptococcus mutans, although commercial dental products contain controlled doses of clove-derived compounds.
3. Aid digestion
Cloves may help alleviate digestive discomfort by stimulating the production of digestive enzymes and reducing gas and bloating. Their carminative properties have been recognized in traditional medicine, with some preliminary research supporting these effects.
4. Act as an antimicrobial agent
Laboratory studies have shown that clove extracts and essential oils exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity against a range of pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus. These effects are primarily observed in vitro and may not translate directly to clinical use.
5. May help manage blood sugar
Animal studies suggest that clove extract may help regulate blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin function. While promising, these results have not yet been confirmed in human clinical trials, and cloves should not replace medical treatment for diabetes.
6. May reduce inflammation
Eugenol, the main active compound in cloves, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in animal and test-tube studies. It may help reduce inflammatory markers and protect tissues from damage, but more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.
7. Show potential for cancer prevention (preliminary)
In lab studies and animal models, clove extracts have shown the ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, particularly colon cancer. These findings are early-stage, and no human studies have confirmed cloves as a cancer-preventive treatment.
8. May support liver health
Preclinical studies have indicated that clove extract may help protect the liver from damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. However, this evidence is limited to animal models, and human trials are required.
9. Wound healing (with formulation-specific use)
Research on specially formulated clove-based nanofiber preparations has shown wound healing benefits, including antibacterial effects and reduced inflammation. However, applying undiluted clove oil directly to wounds is not recommended and may irritate the skin.
10. Aphrodisiac effects (in animals)
Some animal studies have found that clove extract may enhance sexual behavior in male rats. These effects are likely linked to increased testosterone and blood flow. However, no human studies confirm this benefit, and cloves should not be considered a proven remedy for sexual dysfunction.
How to use
Cloves can be a healthy addition to your diet when used in the right way. Knowing how to use whole cloves, ground cloves, or clove oil helps you enjoy their benefits safely and effectively.
Whole cloves vs ground cloves vs clove oil
Whole cloves are the dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum. They keep their natural oils and flavor for up to two or three years when stored in a cool, dark place. Because they release flavor slowly, whole cloves are great for simmered dishes, teas, or broths. They’re easy to remove after cooking and add a warm, aromatic taste without overpowering other ingredients.
Ground cloves have a stronger flavor because grinding releases more of the essential oils. They’re perfect for spice blends and baked goods, but they lose some of their strength after about six months. As a general guide, one whole clove equals about a quarter teaspoon of ground cloves. For most recipes, just one-eighth to a quarter teaspoon is enough.
Clove essential oil is the most concentrated form and should be used with care. It’s made by steam-distilling dried flower buds and is meant mainly for external use. Mouth rinses usually contain 1 to 5 percent clove oil, and skin applications should be diluted to 0.5 to 1 percent in a carrier oil like coconut or olive oil to avoid irritation. Clove oil should never be swallowed unless directed by a healthcare professional.
Recommended dosage
The World Health Organization suggests a safe limit of about 2.5 milligrams of eugenol, the main active compound in cloves, per kilogram of body weight each day. For most adults, that equals around one to two whole cloves a day. Studies show that similar amounts, about one to two grams of whole cloves or a quarter to half a teaspoon of ground cloves, can be safely included in food or drinks.
Clove oil should only be used short term, for up to one week, and always diluted before applying to the skin.
Clove tea recipe
To make clove tea, steep three to five whole cloves in a cup of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes, then strain. Drinking one or two cups a day, preferably after meals, can help with digestion and provide a gentle warming effect.
Other ways to include cloves in your diet
There are many simple ways to enjoy the benefits of cloves. Clove tea is one of the easiest options. Just steep a few whole cloves in hot water and, if you like, add cinnamon, ginger, or cardamom for extra flavor. A little honey or a slice of lemon can make it even better.
In cooking, try adding six to eight whole cloves to soups, stews, or rice dishes. You can press them into a peeled onion and remove them after cooking. For baking, use one-eighth to one-quarter teaspoon of ground cloves in recipes for cookies, spice cakes, or pumpkin pie. Adding a few whole cloves when stewing apples or pears gives the fruit a delicious aroma and may also help with digestion.
Cloves can also be used in warm drinks like mulled wine or cider. For every liter of liquid, add eight to ten whole cloves along with cinnamon sticks and orange slices. Heat gently to release the aroma without boiling. Eating cloves with healthy fats, such as olive or coconut oil, may help your body absorb their beneficial compounds more effectively.
Contraindications
Cloves are generally safe when used in food amounts. However, caution is advised with medicinal doses or concentrated oils:
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Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Culinary amounts are considered safe, but medicinal doses should be avoided due to insufficient safety data.
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Children: Clove oil is unsafe for children under 2 years old and can cause seizures, liver damage, or electrolyte imbalances.
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Surgery: Stop using clove products at least 2 weeks before surgery due to the risk of increased bleeding.
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Medical conditions: People with liver disease, bleeding disorders, or those taking anticoagulants should consult a doctor before using clove supplements or oils.
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Maximum dosage: The WHO recommends a maximum daily intake of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight for clove-derived compounds. The FDA considers clove oil generally safe at concentrations below 1500 mg/kg in food applications.
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Supplement regulation: Clove supplements are not regulated as strictly as prescription medications in the US, and purity or dosage may vary.
Speak to your doctor or pharmacist about whether cloves are safe for you to use.