Uterus size is measured through imaging tests ordered by a gynecologist, such as transvaginal or abdominal ultrasounds. While a typical adult uterus can measure up to 90 cm3, this size naturally fluctuates based on a woman's age, pregnancy status, and general gynecological health.
In most cases, variations in uterus size are considered perfectly normal and are not a cause for concern. However, significant changes may sometimes be linked to symptoms like heavy menstrual flow, pelvic pain, or difficulty with conception and pregnancy.
If you experience unusual symptoms or discomfort, it is important to consult a healthcare provider for a professional evaluation. A gynecologist can investigate the underlying cause of these changes and recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for you.
Normal uterus size
The uterus size considered normal for an adult woman typically ranges between 50 and 90 cm3. This measurement varies depending on your age, hormonal levels, and whether or not you are pregnant, as the uterus naturally expands to accommodate a growing fetus.
How to measure
A gynecologist evaluates uterus size primarily through diagnostic imaging, such as transvaginal and abdominal ultrasounds. These procedures allow the specialist to view the internal structures clearly and collect precise measurements.
During the exam, the doctor records the length, width, and thickness of the uterus. This data is then used to calculate the total size using a specific mathematical formula.
These exams are often part of a routine annual checkup to monitor reproductive health. However, a doctor may also request an ultrasound if a patient reports specific signs or symptoms of a gynecological issue.
It is important to follow the preparation instructions provided by your doctor’s office before your appointment. For an abdominal ultrasound, you may be required to fast for 6 to 8 hours and maintain a full bladder for better visibility.
Formula to calculate uterus size
Uterus size is calculated using the ellipse formula to account for the organ's shape:
- Uterus size = LD (longitudinal diameter) x APD (anteroposterior diameter) x TD (transverse diameter) x 0.52
The doctor collects these specific measurements during a transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound. The final result is documented in cubic centimeters (cm3).
Enlarged uterus
There are several common reasons why a woman might have an increased uterus size, including:
1. Pregnancy
It is standard for the uterus to grow significantly during pregnancy to provide enough room for the baby to develop. Furthermore, women who have had two or more pregnancies often have a naturally larger uterus size than those who have never been pregnant.
2. Age
As a woman grows, the uterus increases in size alongside the development and maturation of other reproductive organs. Because this is a natural biological process, normal size values are lower in children and gradually increase through adulthood.
3. Hormonal stimulation
Hormonal treatments are often used by women who are seeking fertility assistance to help stimulate ovulation. These hormones prepare the uterine lining for embryo implantation, which can result in a temporary increase in uterus size.
Decreased uterus
A decrease in uterus size can occur due to various factors, with the most common being:
1. Menopause
Menopause is a natural life stage during which the body undergoes hormonal shifts that typically lead to a decrease in uterus size. To confirm this is the cause, a gynecologist may order blood tests to check hormone levels and verify your current menopausal status.
2. Infantile uterus
An infantile uterus, also known as a hypoplastic uterus or hypotrophic hypogonadism, is a congenital condition. In these cases, the uterus does not mature during puberty and remains at the size and volume typical of childhood.
3. Gynecological changes
While conditions like fibroids or tumors usually increase size, various gynecological issues can alter the shape and size of the uterus. These changes may be accompanied by symptoms like bleeding, back pain, or pain during intercourse and should be evaluated by a medical professional to determine the best course of action.