Shin pain can occur for several reasons, such as wearing shoes that are too tight or not suited to your gait, having foot deformities, suffering a fracture, being overweight, or developing shin splints. Shin splints are an inflammation of the muscles and tendons in the shin area, usually caused by overexercising or a lack of stretching.
Depending on the cause, other symptoms may arise in addition to shin pain, including difficulty walking, knee pain, tenderness and swelling in the shin, imbalance, and exercise fatigue.
If shin pain does not improve over time, it is important to consult an orthopedic surgeon for a workup to determine the cause. Treatment may involve rest, anti-inflammatory medications, and other measures depending on the underlying condition.
Main causes
The most common causes of shin pain include:
1. Shin splints
Shin splints are an inflammation of the shinbone (tibia) and the surrounding muscles and tendons. They cause symptoms such as pain that worsens during physical activity and tenderness in the area. Shin splints can affect anyone, but they are more common in people who don’t stretch before exercising, engage in high-impact sports, or have an abnormal gait pattern.
What to do: Shin splints treatment involves rest and applying cold compresses to the affected area, which can help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs or pain relievers and recommend physical therapy sessions.
2. Inappropriate footwear
Wearing shoes that are too tight or not suitable for your gait can place extra pressure on the shins, leading to pain, especially when walking.
What to do: It is advisable to see an orthopedic surgeon to assess your gait and receive guidance on the most appropriate footwear.
3. Foot deformities
Some foot shape abnormalities, such as flat feet, can place too much strain on the shins, leading to pain and discomfort when walking. These deformities can also cause imbalance, heel misalignment, and an increased risk of injury.
What to do: In children, treatment is usually unnecessary, as the condition often corrects itself as they grow. However, in adolescents and adults, physical therapy and orthopedic shoes may be recommended.
4. Tibia fracture
A fracture of the tibia, which is the bone in the shin, can cause intense pain, tenderness, and difficulty walking.
What to do: It is essential to go to the nearest emergency room so the severity of the fracture can be assessed and treatment can begin. Treatment may include leg immobilization, rest, and the use of pain medication.
5. Excess weight
Excess body weight can also cause shin pain, as well as difficulty walking and knee pain due to excessive pressure on the legs. Shortness of breath and fatigue during physical activity may also occur.
What to do: It is important to adopt healthy habits, such as maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity under the guidance of a registered dietitian and fitness professional. Consulting a primary care provider or an endocrinologist is also recommended to evaluate overall health and check for hormonal imbalances that may contribute to weight gain.