GLP-1 patches are an emerging technology being studied as an alternative to injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists, which are medications commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes and weight management.
These patches use microneedle or transdermal systems designed to deliver the drug through the skin in a painless, needle-free way.
Several companies are working on developing GLP-1 patches, but none of the versions currently sold online or in stores are FDA-approved. Commercial products marketed as “GLP-1 patches” do not contain real GLP-1 medication and should not be considered safe or effective treatments.
Indications for use
GLP-1 receptor agonists are used to manage type 2 diabetes and, in some cases, for weight loss in people with obesity or who are overweight with related health conditions. While injectable and oral forms are FDA-approved, GLP-1 patches are still experimental and not yet available for medical use.
Recommended dose
There are currently no approved dosing guidelines for GLP-1 patches. Dosing schedules only exist for injectable and oral formulations, such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro).
In clinical studies of microneedle patches, researchers are testing doses to match the absorption levels of injectable medications.
How to use
At present, GLP-1 receptor agonists are available as weekly or daily injections, and in some cases as oral tablets. Patches are being designed as self-applied transdermal systems that are placed on the skin to release medication gradually over time.
Experimental studies show these patches may reach more than 80% of the absorption seen with injections, but they are not yet available for clinical use.
Possible side effects
GLP-1 receptor agonists can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain. In rare cases, they may also increase the risk of pancreatitis or gallbladder problems. Early research suggests patches might lower some gastrointestinal side effects by releasing medication more steadily, but this has not been confirmed in human studies.
Contraindications
Because no GLP-1 patches have been approved, there are no official contraindications for this form. For FDA-approved GLP-1 medications, contraindications include a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, and a history of severe allergic reaction to the drug.
Caution is also advised in people with pancreatitis, severe gastrointestinal disease, or kidney impairment.
Future outlook
Research into GLP-1 patches is progressing quickly, with several pharmaceutical companies reporting positive results from preclinical and early human studies. If proven safe and effective, these patches may offer a more convenient, less invasive option for people who use GLP-1 medications in the future.