Gilbert's syndrome is a genetic condition that affects how the body processes bilirubin. This can cause bilirubin to build up in the blood and lead to yellowing of the skin and eyes, a symptom known as jaundice.
Jaundice related to Gilbert's syndrome is more likely to appear during emotional stress, intense physical activity, dehydration, or prolonged fasting. It usually goes away on its own within a few days.
If Gilbert's syndrome is suspected, it is important to see a gastroenterologist or primary care doctor. While this condition does not require specific treatment, certain measures may be recommended, such as avoiding skipped meals and not taking medication without medical supervision, to help reduce the chance of jaundice.
Main symptoms
Gilbert's syndrome may cause symptoms such as:
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Yellowing of the skin and eyes
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Abdominal pain
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Bloating
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Fatigue
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Nausea
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Diarrhea
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Weakness
The most common sign of Gilbert's syndrome is yellowing of the skin and eyes. This typically happens after long periods without eating, after exercise, or during fever, alcohol consumption, or menstruation.
The yellowing occurs because of excess bilirubin in the blood, which improves once the trigger that raised bilirubin levels is resolved.
Confirming a diagnosis
A gastroenterologist or primary care doctor can diagnose Gilbert's syndrome by reviewing symptoms, medical history, and blood test results, such as bilirubin levels, which are usually elevated.
Additional tests may also be recommended, including a complete blood count, liver enzyme tests (AST and ALT), and an abdominal ultrasound to check for liver changes that could suggest other conditions.
Possible causes
Gilbert's syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation in the UGT1A1 gene, which runs in families. This mutation affects how the liver removes bilirubin from the blood, a substance released when red blood cells break down.
However, yellowing of the skin and eyes from excess bilirubin may also signal other conditions, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or bile duct obstruction. Identifying the cause is important to determine the most appropriate treatment.
Treatment options
Gilbert's syndrome does not require specific treatment, since bilirubin levels naturally fluctuate over time and jaundice usually resolves on its own.
However, some measures can help manage Gilbert's syndrome and reduce the risk of symptoms:
1. Inform healthcare providers
Always tell your doctor about Gilbert's syndrome, as it can affect how the body processes medications, increasing the risk of jaundice or side effects.
2. Avoid self-medication
Do not take medication without medical advice, as this can raise the risk of jaundice.
3. Manage stress
Use relaxation strategies such as exercise, meditation, or other activities that help reduce stress.
4. Avoid prolonged fasting
Try to eat every 3 hours to help prevent bilirubin buildup.
5. Stay hydrated
Drink enough water to avoid dehydration.
6. Limit intense exercise
Avoid strenuous or excessive physical activity.
7. Get adequate sleep
Aim for at least 8 hours of sleep per night to support overall health.
It is also important to maintain a balanced diet. Foods that support liver health, such as beets, broccoli, and salmon, can be included as part of daily meals.