The first sign of esophageal cancer is often trouble swallowing. It tends to start with solid foods and can feel like food is getting stuck in the throat or chest, then gradually gets worse over time.
Other early clues can include unintentional weight loss, chest discomfort or heartburn, and coughing or choking while eating. Many people begin cutting food into smaller pieces or switching to softer foods without realizing why.
These symptoms are not specific and can also be caused by common conditions, like acid reflux or esophagitis. Warning signs that need prompt attention include symptoms lasting more than two weeks, pain with swallowing, trouble with liquids, or vomiting blood. See how reflux presents and how esophagitis is treated.
Anyone with ongoing swallowing problems or unexplained weight loss should see a gastroenterologist for evaluation. Avoid self-medication. Managing reflux, not smoking, and limiting alcohol are important steps that can help lower overall risk. For additional red flags to watch for, see this overview of common cancer signs.