If you stepped on a nail, wash the wound with soap and water, cover it, and seek medical attention as soon as possible. A doctor will clean the area again and may recommend a tetanus shot or tetanus immune globulin depending on your situation.
Stepping on a nail increases the risk of tetanus because the bacteria that cause the infection, Clostridium tetani, can live on metal objects, wood, glass, and soil. These bacteria enter the body through cuts or punctures and can lead to serious symptoms if not prevented early.
Your need for a tetanus booster depends on your vaccination history and the type of injury. In some situations, a healthcare provider may recommend a booster shot, completion of the vaccine series, and/or tetanus immune globulin for extra protection.
Tetanus is a serious infection that can cause muscle spasms and difficulty moving or breathing. For this reason, it is important to be seen in the emergency department if there is any concern for tetanus. An infectious disease specialist can also offer guidance.