For most people, the most effective treatment for toenail fungus is prescription antifungal tablets, because they can reach the infection under and inside the nail. In many cases, a clinician may recommend terbinafine or itraconazole, depending on the person’s health history and other medications.
Topical options, like medicated nail polishes (such as ciclopirox or amorolfine), can be helpful when the infection is mild or limited to a small area of the nail. Sometimes a clinician may combine tablets with a medicated nail polish, especially when the nail is thicker or more affected, to improve the chance of clearing the fungus.
Even with the right treatment, toenails grow slowly, so results take time. It can take around 12 months for a new, healthier toenail to grow in. During treatment, preventing reinfection matters: keep feet clean and fully dry (including between the toes), avoid tight shoes, wear flip-flops in shared wet areas, and do not share nail tools.
Because nail changes can have different causes, it’s safest to get a proper diagnosis and treatment plan from a dermatologist or a primary care provider. People should avoid self-medicating, especially with oral antifungals, and focus on daily foot hygiene to lower the risk of the fungus coming back.