A cold is usually most contagious in the first 2 to 3 days after symptoms start, when the virus level in the nose and throat is highest. Most adults pass the virus to others for about 3 to 4 days, but some continue to shed virus for up to 7 to 10 days, and children or people with weak immune systems may shed longer.
Colds spread through close contact, droplets from coughing or sneezing, and by touching the nose, mouth, or eyes after contact with contaminated hands or surfaces. Because people can start spreading the virus just before symptoms, extra care in the very early phase is important. Short, casual encounters are less risky than prolonged, close contact at home or in shared spaces.
Simple steps help lower the chance of passing a cold to others. Stay home while feverish and during the first few days when symptoms are most intense, and keep some precautions for several more days after returning to routine. Wash hands often, avoid touching the face, improve airflow, and consider a mask around people at higher risk of complications. Learn what to expect from common cold symptoms and how long they last.
Most colds improve within about a week with rest, fluids, and symptom relief such as saline rinses and pain or fever medication when needed. Gentle self-care like warm drinks and adequate hydration can make breathing easier and soothe the throat. See practical tips for how to get rid of a cold.
Seek medical care if symptoms are severe, worsen after a few days, or last beyond 10 to 14 days, or if there is trouble breathing, chest pain, dehydration, or confusion. Infants, older adults, people who are pregnant, and those who are immunocompromised should speak with a primary care clinician, and an infectious disease specialist may be needed for ongoing concerns. Avoid self-medicating with antibiotics, which do not treat colds, and keep up with hand hygiene to prevent spread.