A bulging fontanelle in a baby can be a sign of increased pressure inside the skull, which may be caused by inflammation, swelling, or fluid buildup in the brain. Possible causes include meningitis, hydrocephalus, encephalitis, intracranial bleeding, head trauma, brain tumors, Lyme disease, heart failure, leukemia, hyperthyroidism, and anemia.
A baby’s soft spot may temporarily look raised while crying, vomiting, or lying down. However, if it remains bulging once the baby is calm and upright, urgent medical evaluation is recommended.
A persistent bulging fontanelle should be assessed promptly by a pediatrician or in an emergency room so the cause can be identified and treated.