Dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac, which is the area that drains tears from the eyes toward the nose. This condition typically occurs when the tear duct becomes blocked, a situation formally known as dacryostenosis.
This blockage can lead to bacterial growth, resulting in significant discomfort or visible swelling near the inner corner of the eye. Depending on how quickly the symptoms develop, the condition is classified as either acute or chronic.
If you suspect you have this condition, you should consult an ophthalmologist for a professional evaluation and diagnosis. Early medical intervention is key to managing the infection and preventing further complications through targeted treatments.
Main symptoms
The primary symptoms of dacryocystitis include:
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Warmth around the affected area
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Eye redness
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Fever, in some cases
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Swelling near the corner of the eye
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Pain or tenderness
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Excessive tearing
In the case of chronic dacryocystitis, where symptoms develop more slowly over time, the inflammation might not cause immediate pain or localized warmth. However, you may notice an accumulation of discharge or mucus near the blocked duct, and the condition is frequently associated with conjunctivitis.
Common causes
The leading cause of dacryocystitis is an obstructed tear duct, which allows bacteria to multiply in the stagnant fluid. Common bacteria involved in these infections include Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus species, Pneumococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae.
This obstruction can be congenital, meaning a baby is born with a blocked duct, which usually requires treatment within the first few months of life. It can also be acquired later in life as a result of nasal fractures, polyps, facial plastic surgery, or the long-term use of certain eye drops for glaucoma.
Confirming a diagnosis
An ophthalmologist diagnoses dacryocystitis by performing a physical exam and reviewing your symptoms. In certain instances, the doctor may collect a sample of the eye discharge for laboratory testing to identify the specific bacteria, allowing them to prescribe the most effective antibiotic eye drops.
Treatment options
Treatment for dacryocystitis is determined by an eye specialist and usually involves medicated eye drops tailored to the specific cause. Doctors typically prescribe antibiotic eye drops to eliminate the infection and anti-inflammatory drops to help reduce swelling and pain.
For acute cases, applying a cold compress to the affected eye can help soothe the area and reduce inflammation. It is also vital to practice good eye hygiene by cleaning the area with sterile saline solution and avoiding the urge to touch or scratch the eye.
In more severe or persistent cases, the ophthalmologist may recommend a surgical procedure to permanently clear the blockage in the tear duct.