Clozapine is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia that has not improved with other treatments. It may also be used to help reduce suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
This medication is available in the US as generic clozapine and under brand names such as Clozaril and Versacloz. It comes in different forms, including tablets, and should only be used with a prescription.
Clozapine should only be taken under the guidance of a psychiatrist or neurologist. This is because it can cause serious side effects and requires medical monitoring during treatment.
What it is used for
Clozapine is indicated for the treatment of:
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Schizophrenia that has not improved with other treatments or when the person cannot tolerate other antipsychotics;
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Suicidal behavior in people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder;
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Psychotic symptoms in people with Parkinson’s disease, when recommended by a doctor.
Clozapine works by changing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, helping to relieve symptoms of schizophrenia, psychosis, or schizoaffective disorder.
How to take it
Clozapine should be taken by mouth with a glass of water, either before or after a meal.
The dose of clozapine varies depending on the condition being treated. The usual starting dose recommended for adults is 12.5 mg of clozapine, taken 1 to 2 times on the first day.
This dose may be gradually increased by the doctor and taken in divided doses. The larger dose is usually taken at night.
Possible side effects
The most common side effects of clozapine include dizziness, tremor, dry mouth, increased saliva production, fast heartbeat, headache, nausea, constipation, or drowsiness.
Weight gain, fever, severe chills, sweating, or vision problems may also occur.
Clozapine can also affect blood cells and increase the risk of infections.
When taken in higher doses, clozapine can cause seizures.
Who should not use it
Clozapine should not be used in the following situations:
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Allergy to clozapine or any other ingredient in the tablets;
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Low white blood cell count, except when related to cancer treatment;
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History of bone marrow disease;
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Liver, kidney, or heart problems;
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History of uncontrolled seizures;
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History of alcohol or drug abuse;
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History of severe constipation, bowel obstruction, or another condition that has affected the large intestine.
In addition, clozapine should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding without medical guidance.