Chronic pharyngitis is a long-term inflammation of the pharynx, the structure that connects the mouth to the esophagus. This condition can be caused by prolonged exposure to dust, smoking, allergies, or even certain diseases like diabetes.

Because chronic pharyngitis develops gradually over time, individuals with this condition often experience vague symptoms that are difficult to identify, such as itching, burning, or the sensation of something stuck in the throat. These symptoms can cause discomfort and may lead individuals to seek medical attention.

The treatment for chronic pharyngitis depends on its underlying cause. A doctor may recommend simple measures, such as avoiding triggers like dust, or using medications like antihistamines. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to alleviate symptoms.

Main symptoms

The symptoms of chronic pharyngitis can vary depending on the type, including:

Congestive pharyngitis: This type is characterized by a dry cough and redness in the throat. It is common in individuals who are chronically exposed to dust or who smoke or drink alcohol excessively.
Purulent pharyngitis: This type involves nasal discharge (mucus) or even pus, and is typically seen in people with a history of chronic sinusitis.
Dry pharyngitis: In this case, there is excessive mucus production and complaints of a dry throat, often observed in individuals who have undergone surgery on the nasal turbinates or nose.
Hyperplastic pharyngitis: This type is marked by excessive mucus and a feeling of throat inflammation.

Recognizing these symptoms helps the doctor assess the need for additional tests to confirm the diagnosis of chronic pharyngitis and determine the appropriate treatment.

Common causes

Chronic pharyngitis can be caused by several factors, which may be related to the environment or personal habits, as well as underlying health conditions. These include:

Irritants: Dust, prolonged exposure to air conditioning, chemicals.
Diseases: Diabetes, sinusitis, respiratory allergies.
Toxins: Excessive alcohol and/or tobacco use.
Hormonal factors: Menopause, hypothyroidism.

In addition to these causes, some individuals with a deviated septum may also develop chronic pharyngitis. They should consult an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) for evaluation and potential surgical intervention to correct the nasal obstruction and relieve symptoms.

How chronic pharyngitis is diagnosed

Diagnosis should be made by an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist), who will perform a physical examination and inquire about possible causes of chronic pharyngitis, such as smoking, alcohol use, or underlying conditions like diabetes.

To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor may request tests such as a throat scraping for laboratory analysis. If an anatomical abnormality is suspected, imaging tests like X-rays or a CT scan may be ordered.

Treatment options

The treatment for chronic pharyngitis depends on the underlying cause, as there is no specific treatment for the condition itself. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. If an infection, such as sinusitis, is contributing to the condition, antibiotics should be prescribed.

The first step in treatment is to stop habits that worsen the condition, such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. This may require psychological support or medications to help reduce consumption. In addition, anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen may be recommended for short-term use, as long as they do not cause gastrointestinal issues.

If chronic pharyngitis is caused by nasal obstructions, the doctor may recommend surgery to remove infected tissue or correct anatomical abnormalities, such as a deviated septum, to improve airflow and reduce throat dryness.

Antihistamines are not typically recommended for chronic pharyngitis unless the cause is clearly allergic. In this case, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate antihistamine.

How to prevent

To prevent chronic pharyngitis, the doctor may advise the following:

Avoid prolonged exposure to air conditioning, dusty environments, and chemicals.
Use appropriate protection when handling chemicals.
Reduce alcohol and tobacco consumption, as these are contributing factors for the development of chronic pharyngitis.
Moderate the use of nasal sprays: While nasal sprays can be purchased over-the-counter, they should be prescribed by a doctor, as the dosage varies for each person. Prolonged use of nasal sprays can trigger chronic pharyngitis and other nasal issues.

Since dry environments can worsen the condition, using a humidifier can help maintain proper humidity levels and prevent dry air from irritating the throat.