Bursitis in Shoulder: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Bursitis in the shoulder occurs when the bursa, also known as the synovial sac, becomes inflamed. The bursa is a small fluid-filled cushion inside the shoulder joint that helps reduce friction between the tendon and the bone.

When this tissue becomes inflamed, symptoms may include pain in the upper and front part of the shoulder, limited movement, muscle weakness, and difficulty performing everyday activities.

Treatment for shoulder bursitis should be guided by an orthopedic surgeon and generally includes the use of anti-inflammatory medications, rest, and, in some cases, physical therapy sessions to speed up recovery.

Main symptoms

The main symptoms of bursitis in the shoulder include:

• Pain throughout the shoulder, especially in the upper area;

• Difficulty lifting the arm above the head due to pain;

• Muscle weakness in the affected arm;

• A tingling sensation that may radiate down the arm.

These symptoms can make daily tasks more difficult and may worsen with frequent strain on the joint. It is important to consult an orthopedic surgeon if bursitis is suspected so the diagnosis can be confirmed and the most appropriate treatment started.

Confirming a diagnosis

To confirm a diagnosis of bursitis in the shoulder, a doctor or physical therapist will usually palpate the area to identify where the pain is located. They may also ask the person to perform certain movements to assess joint mobility and pain intensity.

Although imaging tests are not always necessary, a doctor may order an X-ray or MRI scan to rule out other possible causes of shoulder pain.

Consulting an orthopedic surgeon is the best way to investigate symptoms and confirm whether bursitis is the cause.

Possible causes

Shoulder bursitis is commonly caused by overuse of the joint, especially through repetitive movements that lift the arm above shoulder level, such as in swimming.

Athletes, painters, and cleaners are particularly prone to developing bursitis in the shoulder because of these repetitive overhead motions.

Bursitis can also occur after sudden movements, such as lifting a heavy suitcase, receiving a direct blow to the shoulder, or falling and catching yourself with your hands, which can strain the joint.

Treatment options

Treatment for bursitis in the shoulder depends on how severe the symptoms are and how much damage is present. The main treatment options include:

1. Medications

Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications such as diclofenac or meloxicam may be prescribed to help reduce inflammation and relieve pain. These medications should be used as directed by a doctor, typically for 7 to 14 days.

If pain persists despite rest, NSAIDs, and physical therapy, a clinician may offer a cortisone injection to reduce inflammation and pain.

It is also important to rest the shoulder joint and avoid activities that involve effort or repetitive movement.

2. Physical therapy

Physical therapy is a key part of treating shoulder bursitis and should begin once pain and inflammation have decreased.

The goal of physical therapy is to strengthen the muscles in the arm through stretching and joint mobility exercises, which help restore movement and prevent new flare-ups.

3. Home remedies

Some home remedies can help support recovery from bursitis in the shoulder. Applying an ice pack or cold compress to the shoulder for about 20 minutes, two to three times a day, can help reduce pain and inflammation.

Eating anti-inflammatory foods such as pineapple, oranges, and salmon may also promote faster healing and help the body fight inflammation naturally.