Bacitracin is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat minor skin infections caused by bacteria. It’s commonly found in ointments applied to small cuts, scrapes, or burns. By stopping bacterial growth, bacitracin helps wounds heal naturally and reduces the risk of infection.
Bacitracin is available in topical and ophthalmic forms in the United States.
Bacitracin is often combined with other antibiotics, such as neomycin and polymyxin B, to expand its antibacterial coverage. These combinations are frequently used in first aid and postoperative wound care.
Indications for use
Bacitracin is mainly prescribed for the prevention and treatment of mild bacterial infections of the skin and eyes.
Common indications include:
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Minor skin wounds, such as cuts, scrapes, or burns
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Superficial skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes
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Post-surgical wound care to reduce infection risk
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Localized bacterial infections associated with conditions like eczema or dermatitis
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Superficial bacterial eye infections such as blepharitis or conjunctivitis
Bacitracin should only be used for short-term treatment of small, localized infections and not for deep or systemic infections.
How to use
Bacitracin should only be used topically on minor injuries or localized infections to avoid absorption into the bloodstream. Check-out the forms it is available in below:
1. Topical ointment
Before applying bacitracin ointment, gently clean the affected area with mild soap and water. Apply a thin layer of the ointment one to three times daily, using just enough to lightly cover the area. The treated skin may be left uncovered or protected with a sterile bandage.
Treatment usually lasts for 7 to 10 days, or as directed by a healthcare provider. Prolonged use should be avoided to reduce the risk of allergic reactions or bacterial resistance.
2. Ophthalmic ointment
For eye infections, wash hands thoroughly before applying the medication. Tilt the head back, pull down the lower eyelid, and apply a small amount of ointment inside the eyelid. Close the eye gently for one to two minutes to allow absorption. The usual dose is one application every 3 to 4 hours, depending on the severity of the infection.
Treatment typically continues for 5 to 7 days or as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
3. Combination ointments
For combination ointments containing bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B, apply a small amount to the affected area one to three times a day. These products provide broader antibacterial coverage and are commonly used for first aid and wound care. They should not be used on large or deep wounds unless advised by a healthcare provider.
Possible side effects
Bacitracin is generally well tolerated, but mild skin irritation, redness, or itching may occur. Allergic contact dermatitis can develop in some people, especially with frequent use. Rare but serious reactions include anaphylaxis or kidney toxicity, which were mainly linked to the discontinued injectable form.
When used in the eyes, bacitracin may cause temporary blurred vision or mild discomfort.
Contraindications for use
Bacitracin should not be used by individuals who are allergic to bacitracin or any ingredient in the formulation. It is contraindicated for anyone with a history of severe allergic or kidney reactions to the medication. Bacitracin should not be applied to large, open wounds or deep injuries where it could be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a healthcare professional before using it, although topical forms are generally considered safe when used as directed.
Drug interactions and precautions
Since bacitracin acts locally on the skin, drug interactions are unlikely. However, using multiple topical antibiotics at the same time can increase the risk of irritation or allergic reactions. Caution is recommended when applying bacitracin to inflamed or damaged skin, as absorption and side effects may increase.
When to seek medical attention
If the infection worsens after several days of treatment or if signs of an allergic reaction occur, such as swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing, seek medical care immediately. Persistent or spreading infections may require a different antibiotic or additional medical evaluation.