Autism in adults can often be recognized by signs such as difficulty with social interaction, interpreting language too literally, reduced use of gestures or body language, and limited interest in building relationships with others.

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurological developmental condition that is usually identified during childhood. However, in milder cases, the signs may go unnoticed, leading to a diagnosis only later in life.

When autism in adults is suspected, it is recommended to consult a neurologist. Treatment may involve psychotherapy sessions and, in some cases, medication for anxiety or depression.

Main signs and symptoms

The most common signs and symptoms of autism in adults include:

Difficulty starting or maintaining conversations and/or understanding what others think or feel
Interpreting what is said too literally
Not knowing how to act or speak in different situations
Trouble understanding gestures and body language
Reduced, absent, or unusual use of gestures, facial expressions, body language, or eye contact
Limited interest in forming relationships with other people
Preference for rigid or inflexible routines
Strong interest in specific topics or activities

In mild cases, autism may only become noticeable in adulthood, and the symptoms are not always obvious. Because of this, adults with autism are sometimes viewed as simply “different” or “strange.”

Some people with autism in adulthood may create personal strategies to cope with their challenges and avoid certain behaviors in public, which may be perceived as “quirks.”

Even when not diagnosed in childhood, autism in adults can still lead to difficulties in both personal and professional life.

Confirming a diagnosis

A diagnosis of autism in adults is usually made by a neurologist, based on the signs and symptoms, the impact they have on daily and professional life, and sometimes the results of a neuropsychological evaluation.

Doctors may also consider information provided by family members or close contacts, as well as reports from other healthcare professionals, to help confirm the diagnosis of autism in adults.

Possible causes

The exact causes of autism in adults and children are not fully understood. However, factors believed to play a role include genetic predisposition, advanced parental age, use of valproic acid during pregnancy, and low birth weight.

Treatment options

Treatment for autism in adults is tailored to each person’s specific needs and may include cognitive behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, and/or antidepressant medication in cases of depression or anxiety.

In more severe cases of autism in adults, additional care may be needed, such as antipsychotic medication, speech therapy sessions, and other types of rehabilitation therapy.