Viral tonsillitis is a common infection caused by viruses that leads to the inflammation of the tonsils. It typically results in symptoms like throat pain, swelling, difficulty swallowing, a dry cough, a runny nose, and a low-grade fever.

Several different viruses can trigger this condition, most notably rhinovirus and influenza, which also cause the common cold and the flu. Other contributors may include adenovirus or various strains of coronavirus.

You should consult an otolaryngologist if you develop symptoms to ensure an accurate diagnosis and start the appropriate care. Treatment usually focuses on staying hydrated and using over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications.

Main symptoms

The primary symptoms of viral tonsillitis include:

Sore throat
Pain or difficulty swallowing
Fever below 100.4°F
Dry cough
Stuffy or runny nose
Redness and swelling of the tonsils
Body aches

If the infection is associated with the herpes virus, you may also experience conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, hoarseness, inflamed gums, canker sores, or small blisters on the lips.

The presence of white patches or visible pus in the throat is uncommon with the viral form of the disease; these signs usually point to bacterial tonsillitis.

How to confirm a diagnosis

An otolaryngologist diagnoses viral tonsillitis by reviewing your medical history and performing a physical exam of the throat. In most cases, supplemental laboratory tests are not required to confirm a viral infection.

Main causes

Viral tonsillitis is caused by various viruses, with the most common being rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex, influenza, parainfluenza, Epstein-Barr, and Coxsackie.

This type of throat infection is very common in young children, particularly around age 5. It spreads easily in daycare centers and schools where children are in close, frequent contact.

How transmission occurs

Viral tonsillitis is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

It can also spread through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or personal items, such as utensils, drinking glasses, or toothbrushes.

To prevent the spread of infection, it is important to wash your hands frequently, avoid sharing personal items, and limit time in crowded areas, especially if you have a weakened immune system.

Treatment options

Treatment for viral tonsillitis should be managed by a healthcare professional, who may recommend rest and increased fluid intake to prevent dehydration.

Medication is not always necessary for viral infections; however, your doctor may suggest acetaminophen or anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen or naproxen to manage pain and fever.

If a person suffers from chronic or recurring tonsillitis, a doctor may recommend a surgical procedure to remove the tonsils, known as a tonsillectomy.

Natural treatment for viral tonsillitis

You can manage the symptoms of viral tonsillitis at home with the following supportive care measures:

Choose soft, easy-to-swallow foods like soups and broths.
Drink plenty of fluids, aiming for at least 2 liters of water per day.
Use throat lozenges to soothe irritation.
Prioritize rest and avoid strenuous physical activity.
Stay in a well-ventilated environment with adequate humidity.

Other home remedies to provide relief include gargling with warm salt water 2 to 3 times a day or drinking warm lemon ginger tea.

Viral Tonsillitis: Symptoms. Causes & Treatment