A polypectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed during an endoscopic exam to remove polyps. It can also help identify malignant or pre-malignant lesions in the organs where these growths appear.
Polypectomies are commonly done during procedures like colonoscopy or upper endoscopy. Depending on where the polyps are located, the procedure may be called a gastric polypectomy, colon polypectomy, or uterine polypectomy.
After the polyps are removed, it is important to follow the care instructions provided by your doctor. Recovery may take up to two weeks and any concerns should be communicated to your primary care provider or the specialist who performed the procedure.
Indications for the procedure
A polypectomy is generally recommended to treat different types of polyps, such as gastric, intestinal, or uterine polyps. Because it is a less invasive approach, a polypectomy helps prevent complications that could occur with other treatment options.
This procedure can also be used to obtain a biopsy, helping to detect malignant or pre-malignant lesions early. Once a polyp is removed, it can be sent to a lab for detailed analysis.
Preparation instructions
Preparation for a polypectomy depends on the type being performed. For a colon polypectomy, the preparation may involve following a liquid diet for a few days before the procedure and taking laxatives within the 24 hours prior, as directed by a doctor.
In some cases, the doctor may also recommend temporarily stopping anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, or anticoagulants, since these medications can increase the risk of bleeding during a polypectomy.
How the procedure is done
A polypectomy is typically performed under sedation or general anesthesia during procedures like an upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, hysteroscopy, or sometimes laparoscopy, which is a minimally invasive surgery.
A flexible, tube-shaped device with a camera at the tip is inserted into the body through a natural opening. This allows the doctor to visualize the polyp and use instruments such as an electrocautery loop to remove it.
Patients usually do not feel pain during the procedure. Afterward, it’s common to stay under observation for a few hours before being discharged. Because of the effects of sedation, it’s recommended to have someone accompany the patient home.
Types of polypectomy
1. Colon polypectomy
A colon polypectomy is recommended when polyps in the colon are found. It is usually performed during a colonoscopy procedure, which is used to evaluate intestinal health and, in some cases, treat certain digestive conditions.
2. Gastric polypectomy
A gastric polypectomy is used to remove small polyps in the stomach. This type of procedure is typically done during an upper endoscopy.
3. Uterine polypectomy
Polyps in the uterus may be removed during a hysteroscopy, in which case it is known as a hysteroscopic polypectomy. This is one of the main treatment options for endometrial polyps.
Recovery time
Recovery and post-procedure care after a polypectomy vary depending on the type of polypectomy performed. For colon polypectomies, recovery may take up to about two weeks.
During the first few days, it’s normal to notice small amounts of blood after bowel movements or to feel mild abdominal discomfort. These symptoms are common and not usually a cause for concern.
After polyp removal, it’s important to avoid strenuous physical activity or heavy lifting during the recovery period. Following an intestinal polypectomy, maintaining a light diet for the first few days is also recommended.
Possible complications
Possible complications of a polypectomy include:
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Incomplete removal of the polyp;
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Bleeding at the removal site;
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Pain or discomfort after the procedure (known as post-polypectomy syndrome);
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Perforation of an organ (rare).
If symptoms such as persistent pain, discomfort, heavy bleeding, or abdominal swelling occur after a polypectomy, it’s important to contact the healthcare provider who performed the procedure to rule out more serious complications.