A late period can be stressful and, in some cases, may indicate an underlying issue. Delays can be related to hormonal changes, stress, lifestyle factors, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders.
If a period is late for over 3 months, it is important to consult a gynecologist, as medical treatment may be necessary. Completing a pregnancy test is also recommended if there was unprotected sex.
There are both medical and natural approaches that may help induce menstruation or regulate the cycle. However, all methods should be done with medical guidance, as some options can increase the risk of complications if used inappropriately.
1. Using hormonal birth control
Stopping a combined oral contraceptive (containing estrogen and progesterone) one week before the planned break can make a period start earlier. Normally, these pills are taken for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day pause, during which bleeding occurs.
Changing this schedule can be useful for special occasions, such as trips or weddings. However, altering birth control use without a doctor’s advice can increase the risk of unwanted pregnancy if unprotected sex occurs. Other contraceptive methods, such as condoms, should be used in the meantime to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
2. Taking medroxyprogesterone
Medroxyprogesterone is a synthetic form of progesterone often prescribed for women with amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) lasting more than 3 months and who are not pregnant. It works by balancing hormone levels and triggering a period.
This medication does not provide contraceptive protection and should only be taken under medical supervision after a full assessment. Women who wish to avoid pregnancy should discuss contraceptive options with a doctor before starting treatment.
3. Taking norethindrone
Norethindrone is a progesterone-like medication that can be prescribed to treat missed or irregular periods. By stopping the medication after the prescribed course, withdrawal bleeding often occurs.
Like medroxyprogesterone, norethindrone is not a form of birth control and must only be used as prescribed. It is also not appropriate for women who may be pregnant, as it can harm a developing fetus.
4. Vitamin C supplementation
Some studies suggest that vitamin C may help increase estrogen and reduce progesterone, which can lead to uterine contractions and trigger menstruation. However, more research is needed to confirm this effect.
Vitamin C should only be taken in the recommended amounts and under medical or dietitian supervision, as excessive intake can cause side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. Supplementation is not recommended for those with a history of kidney stones, kidney disease, or hemochromatosis.
5. Herbal remedies
Herbs such as ginger, parsley, and oregano are traditionally believed to stimulate uterine contractions, potentially helping menstruation to start. Herbal teas or supplements may be taken around the expected period date, but scientific evidence supporting these effects is limited.
Because many herbs can affect pregnancy or interact with medications, a pregnancy test and medical guidance are recommended before using herbal remedies. Some herbs can lead to miscarriage or birth defects if taken during early pregnancy.
6. Managing stress
Chronic stress can increase cortisol levels, which disrupts the production of reproductive hormones and may delay menstruation. Stress management techniques such as yoga, meditation, deep breathing, or spending time on enjoyable activities can help regulate hormonal balance and the menstrual cycle.
Persistent stress can also contribute to weight changes and reduced physical activity, which may further delay periods. Seeking support from a therapist or counselor can also be beneficial in these cases.
7. Avoiding excessive exercise
Excessive physical activity, particularly endurance training or high-intensity workouts, can lead to reduced estrogen levels and missed periods. This is especially common in athletes or women with very low body fat.
Engaging in moderate exercise and ensuring adequate rest can help restore hormonal balance. Women with persistent exercise-related menstrual changes should be evaluated by a doctor.
8. Having sex
Regular sexual activity can help regulate hormones and improve blood flow to the pelvic region. Orgasms may also promote uterine contractions, which can sometimes stimulate the onset of menstruation.
It is important to use barrier methods like condoms to prevent unintended pregnancies and STIs, especially if birth control is not being used.
9. Maintaining a balanced diet
Significant weight fluctuations, restrictive diets, or obesity can disrupt the menstrual cycle. Being underweight can lead to low estrogen levels and missed periods, while excess body fat can increase insulin resistance and conditions like PCOS.
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats can support hormonal balance and regular cycles. Consulting a registered dietitian may help address nutritional deficiencies that may be affecting menstruation.
10. Using heat therapy
Applying a warm compress or heating pad to the lower abdomen can increase blood flow and relax pelvic muscles. This may help trigger menstruation and relieve any discomfort associated with a delayed period.
Heat therapy can also help reduce stress, which can further support cycle regulation.