Estradiol is the main female sex hormone and is produced primarily by the ovaries. Men also have smaller amounts of estradiol, which is produced mainly by the testicles.
This hormone helps regulate the menstrual cycle and supports the development of the female reproductive organs, especially during puberty. It also contributes to healthy-looking skin and helps regulate metabolism.
High or low estradiol levels can cause symptoms such as irregular menstrual cycles, weight changes, and decreased libido. An endocrinologist or gynecologist should be consulted for an evaluation and appropriate treatment.
What estradiol does
Estradiol is responsible for:
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Regulating the menstrual cycle;
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Promoting the development of the breasts and female reproductive organs;
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Supporting bone growth and maturation;
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Promoting fat storage in areas such as the breasts, buttocks, and thighs;
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Helping regulate metabolism;
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Supporting healthy-looking skin;
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Regulating water and mineral retention in the body.
Estradiol is considered one of the most important female sex hormones. It is responsible for many of the physical changes that occur during the reproductive years, especially during puberty.
Estradiol is also associated with memory and concentration, helping support learning and reasoning. It also contributes to emotional well-being and mood stability.
In addition, estradiol contributes to muscle strength and recovery. It also helps prevent osteoporosis by reducing bone loss, especially with age.
Effects of estradiol in men
In men, estradiol helps regulate libido, sexual behavior, and sperm production.
In the brain, estradiol also plays a role in regulating mood, thoughts, and emotions.
Relationship between estradiol and estrogen
Estradiol is one of the types of estrogen produced by the body. Although all estrogens have similar functions, estradiol is the most potent and is considered the main form of estrogen.
How to know whether estradiol is high or low
To determine whether estradiol levels are high or low, an endocrinologist or gynecologist will evaluate the person’s symptoms and may order an estradiol test. Also known as an E2 test, this blood test measures the amount of estradiol in the blood.
An estradiol test is generally used to investigate changes in the menstrual cycle, assess fertility, and monitor the response to hormone treatments, including estrogen therapy.
Although the test is more commonly performed in women, it can also help identify possible causes of gynecomastia and changes in libido in men.
High estradiol
High estradiol levels in women may occur at the beginning of puberty, as a result of using hormonal contraceptives incorrectly, or because of an ovarian tumor. Possible symptoms include shorter menstrual cycles, weight gain, breast tenderness, and mood changes.
In men, high estradiol levels may cause gynecomastia and decreased libido.
What to do
To help normalize high estradiol levels, it may be necessary to:
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Reduce or adjust hormonal medications under medical supervision;
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Treat related conditions, such as insulin resistance or obesity;
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Maintain a healthy weight, as body fat can increase estradiol production.
It may also be recommended to limit foods that can influence estrogen activity, such as soy products, sesame seeds, and sunflower seeds. Any dietary changes should be discussed with a doctor or registered dietitian.
Low estradiol
Low estradiol is more common in women and may be associated with menopause, polycystic ovary syndrome, or ovarian insufficiency. Possible symptoms include night sweats, missed menstrual periods, decreased libido, and low self-esteem.
What to do
For low estradiol, the following may be recommended:
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Undergo hormone therapy using estradiol gel, oral tablets, or transdermal patches;
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Adjust the diet to include foods rich in phytoestrogens, such as soy, flaxseed, and chickpeas;
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Exercise regularly, as physical activity can help support hormonal health.
Managing stress is also recommended because stress can affect hormonal function and interfere with the body’s natural balance.