Braxton Hicks Contractions: Causes & How to Identify

Braxton Hicks contractions are uterine movements that involve the tightening and relaxing of the uterus. They usually begin in the second or third trimester and are milder than true labor contractions. They can cause symptoms like a cramping sensation or tightening that comes and goes in specific parts of the belly.

Also known as “false contractions,” Braxton Hicks contractions are considered normal and help prepare the uterus and pelvic tissues for childbirth. They may change the shape of the belly and cause it to feel firmer.

Braxton Hicks contractions do not cause pain, do not dilate the cervix, and are not strong enough to trigger labor. However, it’s important to speak with an OB-GYN if the contractions become rhythmic, frequent, or increase in intensity, or if they are accompanied by vaginal bleeding or fluid leakage.

Why they happen

Braxton Hicks contractions are believed to help tone the uterine muscles in preparation for labor.

They may also help increase the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the placenta and, in turn, to the baby.

Although these contractions do not cause cervical dilation, they may help soften the cervix. However, unlike true labor contractions, Braxton Hicks contractions cannot induce labor.

What causes them

The exact reason why Braxton Hicks contractions occur is not fully understood, but some factors may trigger them, such as dehydration, a full bladder, or physical overactivity.

They can also be triggered by intimate contact and may appear after sexual intercourse.

How to identify

Braxton Hicks contractions can be identified by symptoms such as:

• A cramping sensation, similar to menstrual cramps

• A change in the shape of the belly

• Tightening or hardening of the belly that comes and goes, usually in the front or a specific part of the abdomen

• Irregular contractions that occur infrequently and unpredictably

• Discomfort or a sense of unease, but without pain

• Mild and non-rhythmic contractions

• Contractions that last less than 30 seconds or up to 2 minutes

• Relief with movement, position changes, or shifts in activity

Braxton Hicks contractions do not increase in strength, length, or frequency. In fact, they tend to ease and disappear, possibly returning later.

These contractions can become more frequent and intense near the end of pregnancy.

Braxton Hicks vs true labor contractions

True labor contractions, which mark the beginning of labor, typically start after 37 weeks of pregnancy. They are more regular, rhythmic, and stronger than Braxton Hicks contractions.

They are always accompanied by moderate to severe pain, do not go away with rest, and grow stronger over time.

When they usually start

Braxton Hicks contractions can start as early as 6 weeks into pregnancy, but they’re usually not felt until the second or third trimester. Most women begin to notice them around 20 weeks or later, and they often become more frequent and noticeable as the pregnancy progresses, especially in the third trimester.

What to do during Braxton Hicks contractions

To help ease Braxton Hicks contractions, the following may be recommended:

• Move around or go for a light walk if contractions start after sitting for a long time

• Lie down comfortably if contractions occur while physically active

• Take a short nap

• Take a warm bath

• Get a gentle massage

• Drink water to stay hydrated

• Listen to music or read a book

These techniques can help relieve discomfort, promote relaxation, and reduce anxiety by shifting the conditions that may have triggered the contractions.

Other relaxation strategies like meditation, yoga, or aromatherapy may also help relax both body and mind.

When to worry

It’s important to consult an OB-GYN if home measures or relaxation techniques do not relieve Braxton Hicks contractions.

If contractions start to occur at regular intervals, become more intense, and cause moderate pain, it's best to call the prenatal care clinic or go to the designated birth center, especially if already past 34 weeks of pregnancy.

You should also go to the emergency room if there is vaginal bleeding, fluid leaking from the vagina, noticeable changes in fetal movement, or fewer than 10 movements in 2 hours.