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Marcela Lemos
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Recent Articles by Marcela Lemos

Urate Crystals: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Urate crystals are a type of sediment that can appear in the urine due to specimen mishandling or due to acidic urine pH. They are usually identified through a urine R&M test. Learn more about what causes urate crystals, how they are diagnosed and treatment approaches .

Tests

What Are Lymphocytes? (Normal, High and Low Levels)

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that help to protect the body from infections. Low lymphocytes can be a sign of illnesses like AIDS or a side-effect of medication. High lymphocytes can occur with infections or allergies. Learn more about the different types and causes of high or low lymphocytes.

Pregnancy-Related Conditions

Group B Strep Test in Pregnancy: How It's Done and Why

The group B strep test is a test that is done between 35 and 37 weeks of pregnancy to look for the presence of streptococcus agalactiae, a type of bacteria that can be passed from mother to baby during birth and cause complications in the newborn. Read about indications for testing and how the test is performed.

Tests

RBC in Urine: Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

RBC in the urine, or hematuria, is a test finding characterized by red blood cells in a urine sample. It can be noted due to red, pink or cloudy. RBC can appear with a UTI, kidney inflammation or due to medications. Learn more about what RBC in the urine means and how it's diagnosed and treated.

Diseases and Conditions

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Symptoms, How It Spreads & More

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that can cause respiratory infections. It presents with symptoms like a cough, fever, stuffy nose or shortness of breath, and more serious infections can develop into pneumonia or bronchiolitis, especially in children. Learn more about the symptoms of HMPV and how it spreads.

Symptoms

Cloudy Urine: 9 Common Causes & What It Means

Cloudy urine is common and normally happens due to increased mucus levels in the urine from urine contamination, dehydration or supplements, or pregnancy. It can also be a sign of infection if it presents with other symptoms. Learn more about what cloudy urine means and what can cause it.

Intestinal Worms

Entamoeba Histolytica: Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite that causes amebiasis. This is a gastrointestinal infection that presents with diarrhea, fever, chills, and bloody or white stools. Learn more about the symptoms of an Entamoeba histolytica infection, and how it's transmitted, diagnosed and treated.

COVID-19

COVID Rapid Test: Antigen & Antibody Tests (& How to Perform)

COVID rapid tests can be done in pharmacies or at home, and can detect antibodies or antigens in the saliva, nasal mucosa or blood. Results are usually available within 15 minutes. Learn more about how to perform these COVID rapid tests and what the results mean.

Diseases and Conditions

Mycoplasma: Types (Respiratory & Genital), Symptoms & Prevention

Mycoplasma is a bacteria that causes infections in the respiratory tract, urinary tract or genitals, and can cause symptoms such as fever, coughing, discharge, pain when urinating, joint pain, and pain during sex. Learn more about what mycoplasma is, the main types of infections, symptoms and treatment.

Diseases and Conditions

Klebsiella pneumoniae: Symptoms, Transmission & Treatment

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a suberbacteria that is resistant to most existing antibiotics. It typically requires treatment with a combination of antibiotics. Learn more about the symptoms of a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, how it's diagnosed and how this infection is diagnosed and treated.

Anemia

Blood Test for Anemia: 8 Exams to Help Confirm a Diagnosis

A blood test for anemia can be ordered by your doctor to confirm the presence of anemia as well as evaluate the underlying causes of it. While anemia is usually confirmed by low hemoglobin levels, the doctor can also evaluate characteristics that may be contributing to anemia, like the shape or size of red blood cells.

Diseases and Conditions

Microcytosis: Causes, What It Means & Is it Serious?

The term microcytosis refers to the smaller size of red blood cells, which can occur as a consequence of nutritional deficiencies, changes in the red blood cell membrane or defects in the hemoglobin synthesis process. Learn more about microcytosis and its main causes.

Diseases and Conditions

Streptococcus agalactiae: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment

Streptococcus agalactiae is a bacteria that is naturally present in the body, but can cause serious infections in newborns. Learn more about what the main symptoms of Streptococcus agalactiae infections are, how it's transmitted and diagnosed, and how this infection is treated.

Tests

Lactate: When It's Tested, Normal Levels & High Lactate Causes

Lactate is a product of glucose metabolism when glucose is transformed into energy without oxygen present. High lactate can occur with intense physical intensity or due to a health condition, like sepsis or SIRS. Learn mroe about when this test is ordered, what causes high lactate and what normal lactate levels are.

Diseases and Conditions

Streptococcus pyogenes: Infections, Symptoms & Treatment

Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacteria that is naturally found in the body. However a weakened immune system or other conditions can lead to the growth and spread of Streptococcus pyogenes, causing pharyngitis, tonsil infections and other illnesses. Learn more about what Streptococcus pyogenes can cause .