A narcissist may have narcissistic personality disorder, a condition marked by an inflated sense of self-importance, a strong need for admiration, and difficulty recognizing others’ needs. These traits often appear during adolescence and can affect relationships, work, and daily life.
Common narcissist traits include arrogance, envy, unrealistic expectations of special treatment, and a strong focus on success, power, or beauty. People with these traits may also exaggerate their achievements.
The exact cause is unknown, but it may be linked to genetics, childhood experiences, and environmental factors. Diagnosis is made by a psychiatrist, and treatment usually involves psychotherapy, with medication used only for related conditions like anxiety or depression.
Main characteristics
The main symptoms of narcissism include:
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Having an excessive sense of self-importance
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Being overly focused on success, power, or beauty, for example
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Needing attention and admiration
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Focusing too much on one’s own feelings and needs
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Having unrealistic expectations of receiving special treatment
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Feeling envious or believing that others are envious of them
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Showing arrogant attitudes and behaviors
People with narcissistic personality disorder tend to exaggerate their talents, achievements, or contributions and are often surprised when these are not recognized. Because of this, they may feel that they can only be understood by other special people.
According to the American Psychiatric Association, these traits usually begin by early adulthood and occur in different areas of life, such as relationships, work, or social situations.
A narcissist may seem arrogant or pretentious, and they may unrealistically compare themselves to famous people or important organizations. In addition, they may frequently take advantage of others because they believe they have more rights than other people.
Confirming a diagnosis
Diagnosing a narcissist involves an evaluation by a psychiatrist, who assesses the person’s symptoms and behavioral traits.
The doctor may also use specific questionnaires or tests to evaluate personality traits in more detail and confirm narcissistic personality disorder.
Possible causes
The exact cause of narcissism is not known. However, it is believed to be associated with genetic predisposition, a history of negative childhood experiences, such as rejection or vulnerability, and/or the way the child was raised by their parents, for example.
Treatment options
Treatment for narcissism involves psychotherapy sessions to help the person develop strategies to relate better to others and avoid misunderstandings and/or frustration in their relationships.
There are no specific medications for treating narcissistic personality disorder. However, some medications, such as antidepressants or anxiety medication, may be prescribed if other associated conditions are present, such as depression or anxiety.
If other health problems are present, they should be treated as recommended by a healthcare provider, as this may help manage behaviors related to narcissism.