Because the ear is inflamed, symptoms may include ear pain, yellow or whitish discharge from the ear canal, fever, and irritability, and their intensity can vary from person to person.

If these signs and symptoms are present, it is important to see a pediatrician for children or an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) for adults, so the diagnosis can be confirmed and the best treatment started. Treatment may include medications to relieve symptoms or antibiotics.

Ear infection symptoms

The main symptoms of otitis media (middle ear infection) are:

• Discharge or fluid buildup in the ear.

• Reduced hearing.

• Ear pain.

• Fever.

• Irritability.

• Redness.

• Eardrum perforation, in some cases, with pus present.

According to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), signs of ear infection in children can include tugging or pulling at the ear, fussiness, and trouble sleeping. In these cases, it is important to consult a pediatrician.

Confirming a diagnosis

The diagnosis is made based on the person’s signs and symptoms and a physical exam, which includes looking inside the ear with a device called an otoscope. This allows the provider to spot any changes in the ear and choose the most appropriate treatment to reduce inflammation and ease symptoms.

When to see a doctor

Schedule an appointment with your primary care provider, pediatrician, or an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist if you have symptoms that may indicate otitis media, especially when they are severe or accompanied by fever.

Main types

Otitis media can also be divided into different types according to the symptoms present, how long they last, and how often they happen:

• Acute otitis media: this is the most common form, with a rapid onset of signs and symptoms, such as ear pain and fever, caused by an acute middle ear infection

• Recurrent acute otitis media: this is acute otitis media that happens repeatedly, with more than 3 episodes in 6 months or 4 episodes in 12 months, usually due to the same microorganism growing again or new infections

• Serous otitis media: also called otitis media with effusion, this is the presence of fluid in the middle ear that can remain for several weeks to months without causing signs or symptoms of infection

• Chronic suppurative otitis media: this is characterized by persistent or recurrent purulent discharge together with perforation of the tympanic membrane

To distinguish between these types, the doctor usually performs a clinical evaluation that includes a physical exam, looking inside the ear with an otoscope, and assessing the person’s signs and symptoms.

Possible causes

Otitis media usually happens as a result of the flu, a cold, or a sinus infection, and is mainly caused by viruses and bacteria. The main viruses associated with otitis media are influenza (flu) virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and rhinovirus, while the most common bacteria are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

However, this type of ear infection can also be triggered by other situations, such as allergy, reflux, fungal infection, or anatomical changes in the ear, although these causes are less common.

Treatment options

Treatment for otitis media may vary depending on the symptoms, severity, age, and exam findings. A healthcare provider may recommend pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen to help relieve ear pain and fever.

According to the CDC, some middle ear infections need antibiotic treatment, but many can get better without antibiotics. In some mild cases, a healthcare provider may recommend watchful waiting for 2 to 3 days before starting antibiotics.

If antibiotics are needed, amoxicillin is commonly used as a first-line treatment. Antibiotics are more likely to be recommended for severe symptoms or when symptoms do not improve.

Decongestants and antihistamines are not routinely recommended for otitis media. In some cases, referral to an ENT specialist or procedures such as ear tube placement may be considered, depending on the type and severity of the condition.

Home remedies

Some home measures may help speed recovery and relieve symptoms. However, they should never replace medical treatment.

During treatment for an ear infection, it may be helpful to:

• Drink plenty of fluids and stay hydrated throughout the day
• Rest and avoid strenuous exercise or exhausting activities
• Eat a healthy, balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, grains, and seeds, as these foods provide omega-3 fats and other nutrients that support recovery from inflammation
• Apply a warm compress to the outer ear to help relieve pain

In addition, never put any product into the ear unless it has been recommended by a healthcare provider, as this may worsen inflammation and delay recovery.

Many peptide medications are given as injections because they are not well absorbed when taken by mouth. Injecting them under the skin or into a muscle allows the body to use them more effectively.

Peptide injections are commonly used in medical treatments for conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and certain hormone-related disorders. Different peptides have different effects, so their use depends on the specific condition being treated.

Indications for use

Peptide injections are used for several FDA-approved medical conditions, depending on the type of peptide. Common indications include:

• Type 2 diabetes, using GLP-1 receptor agonists such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and tirzepatide
• Chronic weight management in people with obesity or overweight with related health conditions
• Osteoporosis, using medications like teriparatide or abaloparatide
• Hypoparathyroidism, with long-acting parathyroid hormone analogs
• Rare genetic forms of obesity, treated with specific peptide therapies such as setmelanotide

These medications work by influencing hormones, appetite, bone metabolism, or other body systems, depending on their mechanism of action.

How to take it

Route of administration

Peptide injections are usually given as:

• Subcutaneous injections, which are placed under the skin and are the most common
• Intramuscular injections, used less often depending on the medication

Subcutaneous injections are preferred because they allow steady absorption and are easier for long-term use.

Peptides are quickly broken down in the digestive system, which makes oral use ineffective for many of them. Injectable forms protect the drug and allow it to reach the bloodstream in an active form.

Dosing and frequency

The dose and schedule vary depending on the specific peptide:

• Some are taken once daily, such as certain osteoporosis treatments
• Others are taken once weekly, such as semaglutide or tirzepatide
• Some require gradual dose increases to reduce side effects

Treatment duration also varies. Some therapies are used long term, while others have recommended limits, such as certain bone-related peptides.

How injections are given

Peptide injections are often available in prefilled pens or syringes. The injection sites should be rotated regularly, including areas such as the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm, to help prevent irritation.

It is important to avoid injecting into areas with bruising, redness, or irritation, as this may increase discomfort or affect how the medication is absorbed. Proper injection technique should always be followed to reduce pain and ensure that the correct dose is delivered.

Possible side effects

The side effects of peptide injections depend on the specific medication being used but may include nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, especially with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Some people may also experience injection site reactions, such as redness or mild pain, as well as headache, fatigue, or changes in appetite.

Less common but more serious effects can include pancreatitis, gallbladder problems, changes in blood sugar levels, and allergic reactions. Safety studies and real-world data suggest that most side effects are mild to moderate, but monitoring during treatment remains important.

Contraindications for use

Peptide injections should not be used in certain situations, which vary depending on the medication. These may include a personal or family history of certain thyroid cancers, a known allergy to the medication or its components, severe gastrointestinal disease in the case of some GLP-1–based treatments, or specific conditions that affect bone metabolism when using osteoporosis therapies.

Some peptide medications also require caution in people with kidney, liver, or pancreatic conditions. A full medical evaluation is necessary before starting treatment to ensure that the medication is safe and appropriate.

When these methods are not enough, abdominal massage, applying heat, or using over-the-counter medications such as simethicone may help. In some cases, gas can cause sharp abdominal pain that may be confused with more serious conditions.

Other effective ways to get rid of gas include specific body positions, natural laxative smoothies, and, when needed, enemas to relieve constipation and release trapped gas. These methods help improve intestinal function and reduce symptoms like bloating, pressure, and pain.

Tips for how to get rid of gas fast include:

1. Pressing on your belly

To help release trapped intestinal gas quickly, you can try an abdominal contraction exercise. Lie on your back and bring your knees toward your chest, then wrap your arms around your knees and gently pull them closer while contracting your abdomen.

This position can also be used for babies and children, as it is simple, gentle, and does not pose health risks when done carefully.

2. Drinking a laxative smoothie

Drinking a smoothie made with papaya juice, plain yogurt, plums, and oats in the morning is a good way to start the day and help relieve constipation. Simply blend these ingredients until smooth and drink, without adding any extra sweeteners.

Orange juice is also an option you can drink throughout the day. You can also opt to eat just fruit for a day to stimulate a bowel movement, however you should not follow this type of very restrictive diet for more than one day.

3. Performing an abdominal massage

Another very effective option is abdominal massage. The massage should use gentle, circular movements, starting at the top of the abdomen and moving downward, which helps the gas move through the intestines and out of the body.

4. Applying heat

If you feel discomfort from gas, you can apply heat, such as a heating pad or hot water bottle, to your abdomen. This not only helps relieve pain, but the warmth also relaxes the intestinal muscles, which can make it easier for gas to pass naturally.

5. Drinking gas-eliminating teas

Lemongrass and fennel tea sipped throughout the day can be a good option, as it has antispasmodic effects that may help relieve gas and reduce sharp abdominal pain. It can also help hydrate the gut and loosen the intestines, making it easier for gas to pass.

Ginger tea is another good option for easing discomfort. Check out more tea recipes and other home remedies for gas.

6. Walking after eating

Taking a walk after meals can help stimulate digestion and relax the intestines, which supports the natural elimination of gas. You can also try gentle exercises, such as stretching on a mat or practicing a few simple yoga poses.

7. Over-the-counter medication

Another way to relieve gas is to use over-the-counter medicine from the pharmacy, such as simethicone or products like Gas-X. These medicines should be taken according to the package instructions or a pharmacist’s guidance.

If gas does not improve or occurs along with constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or weight loss, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases advises talking with a doctor.

8. Performing an enema at home

If gas continues after trying these tips and is also linked to constipation, a glycerin suppository or a small enema may help trigger a bowel movement and release trapped gas. According to the FDA, glycerin is an approved active ingredient in some over-the-counter laxative products.

These methods help empty the intestines and release trapped gas.

Red spots on the skin can occur with other symptoms, such as itching, fever, flaking, or blisters, depending on the underlying cause. If these spots appear suddenly or spread rapidly, it’s important to seek medical evaluation promptly.

The diagnosis is determined by the skin’s appearance and accompanying symptoms. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and may include topical creams, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or other targeted therapies.

Symptom quiz

Enter your symptoms below to find out what might be causing the red spots on your skin:

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This quiz is meant only as a guide and does not replace an evaluation or diagnosis by a healthcare professional.

What causes red spots on the skin?

The main causes for red spots on the skin are: 

1. Allergies

What it looks like: Medium-sized, very itchy patches that may be filled with fluid. They usually appear after contact with plants or animal fur, or after taking certain medications. Allergy rashes can also result from insect bites or food poisoning.

Treatment: Symptoms can be relieved with specific allergy medications, such as loratadine, corticosteroids (for example, prednisone), or topical creams (for example, promethazine). These medications should always be used exactly as prescribed.

2. Fungal infections

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What it looks like: Patches can be large and usually affect a specific area of the body. Blisters may also appear, and the skin in the affected area may look scaly.

Treatment: A healthcare provider may recommend an antifungal medication and, in some cases, may also prescribe antibiotics. You can read more about home remedies for a yeast infection, which may help support the treatment prescribed by your healthcare provider.

3. Heat rash

What it looks like: Small red patches with tiny red spots that cause a burning sensation. They usually appear on the face, neck, back, chest, and thighs.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment for heat rash, but you should keep the affected area cool and apply cold compresses.

4. Chicken pox

What it looks like: Small, very itchy blisters and red spots that appear all over the body.

Treatment: Plenty of rest, analgesic medication (such as acetaminophen) to relieve discomfort, and applying betadine to the blisters to help prevent infection are recommended. Any medication should be used exactly as prescribed, especially in children.

5. Measles

What it looks like: Small, non-itchy, painless spots that can spread across the entire body. Read more about measles symptoms and complete our online symptom checker. 

According to the CDC, people with suspected or confirmed measles should stay away from others and contact a healthcare provider before going in for evaluation, to help reduce the risk of spreading the virus.

Treatment: Measles treatment consists of plenty of rest, good hydration, and acetaminophen as prescribed by your doctor.

6. Zika virus

What it looks like: Small, slightly raised red bumps that cause itching. They usually appear within 3 days of a mosquito bite. The Zika rash often starts on the face, then spreads to the rest of the body within a few hours, and typically lasts about five days.

Treatment: Rest, drink plenty of fluids, and take medications for symptom relief as prescribed by a healthcare provider (for example, acetaminophen).

7. Eczema

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What it looks like: This rash is usually very itchy and can become swollen. It is very common in children and in health professionals who wash their hands frequently with antibacterial soap.

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Treatment:  Medications such as loratadine, as well as ointments and corticosteroid creams prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Read more about the eczema creams a doctor might prescribe.

8. Scabies

What it looks like: An intensely itchy rash that usually appears on the hands and in the armpits, with itching that tends to get worse at night. Learn more about how scabies is transmitted and the other symptoms it can cause.

Treatment: Creams and ointments prescribed by a healthcare provider, which may vary depending on how severe the symptoms are. Common medications used to treat scabies include ivermectin, crotamiton, and permethrin.

9. Rubella (German measles)

What it looks like: Small, slightly raised, itchy bumps that usually start on the face and behind the ears, then quickly spread across the body and last for about three days. Learn more about rubella symptoms and how they may appear.

Treatment: Follow the treatment exactly as prescribed by your doctor, who will monitor your progress until the illness has resolved.

10. Atopic dermatitis

What it looks like: Very itchy rashes that may also appear scaly.

Treatment: Prescription corticosteroid creams and ointments, used only as recommended by a healthcare provider. A dermatitis diet may also be beneficial to some patients.

11. Psoriasis

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What it looks like: Itchy patches that may have a white center with dry, red, flaky edges. They are more common in people under 30 or over 50 and are not contagious, but are related to genetic factors. Learn more about what causes psoriasis and what other symptoms can appear.

Treatment: Creams and other topical anti-inflammatory medications as prescribed by a dermatologist. Increasing safe sun exposure may also help improve skin lesions.

Diet also plays an important role in treating psoriasis, so you should avoid fatty and processed foods and increase your intake of foods rich in omega-3 and beta-carotene.

12. Lupus

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What it looks like: Red patches on the skin that may be flat or slightly raised and can appear anywhere on the body. They are more common in women.

Treatment: Corticosteroids and immunosuppressants as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Learn more about how lupus symptoms are managed.

13. Rosacea

What it looks like: Patches of small visible blood vessels that usually appear on the cheeks, forehead, and nose. In addition to the rash, the skin tends to be more sensitive, warm, and swollen.

Treatment: Using gentle, fragrance-free soaps and moisturizers can help reduce redness. In some cases, a dermatologist may also prescribe antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medicines to better control rosacea symptoms.

14. Skin cancer

What it looks like: Small spots or sores on the skin that have an irregular shape and gradually get larger over time and/or start to bleed.

Treatment: Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the characteristics of the skin lesions.

15. Poor circulation

What it looks like: Red spots on the legs, especially around the ankles, which may also look yellowish or brown. They are usually accompanied by other symptoms, such as itchy skin, spider veins or varicose veins, swollen feet or ankles, and tingling or pain. In more severe cases, open sores can develop on the skin.

Red spots from poor circulation in the legs can appear after standing, sitting, or lying down for long periods, or due to conditions such as varicose veins, venous insufficiency, or deep vein thrombosis. These spots are related to blood pooling in the legs because it is not returning efficiently to the heart.

Treatment: Treatment should be monitored by a doctor, who may recommend compression stockings to help improve blood flow. Ointments can be applied to areas of inflammation, and oral antibiotics may be prescribed if there are infected wounds.

Patients are also advised to avoid standing or sitting for long periods and to elevate their legs when possible to reduce blood pooling. Check out how to improve circulation using natural remedies.

16. Erysipelas

What it looks like: Red, swollen patches with raised, irregular edges. Fever, chills, and malaise usually start about 48 hours before the skin changes and may be followed by a burning sensation, itching, pain, or increased sensitivity in the affected area. In more serious cases, blisters can form and the skin may become darker.

Erysipelas is an infection of the superficial layer of the skin caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes (strep A). This bacterium can enter through breaks in the skin, such as wounds or insect bites, and the infection can also develop in areas with chronic venous ulcers or from problems like poor nail care, chilblains, or athlete’s foot.

Erysipelas usually affects the legs or feet and is more common in people with obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, eczema, or leg ulcers.

Treatment: Erysipelas is treated with antibiotics prescribed by a dermatologist.

17. Lichen planus

What it looks like: Patches of small red or purplish plaques on the skin that usually itch and have a shiny surface with fine white streaks. They most often appear on the wrists, ankles, or lower back.

Lichen planus is an inflammatory skin condition with no clearly known cause. However, certain factors can increase the risk of developing the patches, such as hepatitis C, stress, and the use of medications like antimalarials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and thiazide diuretics.

Treatment: You can use antihistamines or corticosteroids, in ointment or tablet form, as directed by your dermatologist.

18. Cutaneous scleroderma

What it looks like: One or more red patches that gradually become firm, with a white center and a reddish border. Over time, these areas may become darker in color.

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the body to produce too much collagen, leading to visible changes in the skin and, in some cases, involvement of internal organs such as the lungs and heart, as well as the joints, muscles, and blood vessels.

Treatment: Cutaneous scleroderma can be treated with corticosteroids, prescribed by a dermatologist, which may be used as ointments applied to the skin or as tablets taken by mouth.

19. Dengue

What it looks like: Dengue is an infection caused by the Flavivirus, which has four serotypes: DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4. It is transmitted through the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and causes symptoms such as fever and red spots on the skin, usually on the legs or chest.

Other dengue symptoms include headaches, muscle aches, pain behind the eyes, and general malaise.

How to treat: Dengue treatment should be followed exactly as advised by an infectious disease specialist or other healthcare provider.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there is no specific treatment for dengue, and symptom relief usually includes rest, fluids, and acetaminophen, while aspirin and ibuprofen should be avoided because they can increase the risk of bleeding.

In more serious cases, or in dengue hemorrhagic fever, treatment usually requires hospitalization to receive IV fluids, medications, and blood transfusions if needed.

This eating pattern is rich in vegetables, soy, fish, seaweed, and fermented foods that provide essential nutrients. The Japanese diet has been linked to better heart health, improved digestion, balanced weight, and longer life expectancy.

Studies have associated the Japanese diet with lower risks of depression, heart disease, stroke, and premature death. Its health effects are linked to the regular intake of plant foods, omega-3-rich fish, and fermented soy products.

What is the traditional Japanese diet?

The traditional Japanese diet, known as Washoku, is based on centuries-old culinary practices that emphasize harmony with nature and the changing seasons.

Typical meals follow the ichiju-sansai style, consisting of one soup, three side dishes, and steamed rice, which together provide a balanced mix of carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

The core components of the Japanese diet are:

• Staple grain: Steamed short-grain rice

• Soup: Usually miso-based, sometimes clear broth

• Main dish: Typically grilled or simmered fish or seafood

• Side dishes: Seasonal vegetables, pickled vegetables, or soy-based foods like tofu or natto

• Beverages: Green tea or other unsweetened tea

The diet limits added sugars, animal fats, and heavily processed foods.

Foods to eat

Foods in the Japanese diet are minimally processed and prepared to highlight their natural flavors:

• Fish and seafood: tilapia, sea bass, sardines, shrimp, squid, octopus

• Soy and soy derivatives: tofu, miso, natto, edamame

• Grains: rice, soba noodles

• Fruits: papaya, tangerines, oranges, kiwi, pineapple, bananas

• Vegetables: spinach, cabbage, bok choy, radishes, pickled vegetables, peppers, tomatoes, bean sprouts, eggplant

• Seaweed: wakame, nori, kombu

• Beverages: water, green tea, matcha tea, black tea

Although they are not part of the Japanese diet, small amounts of red meat, chicken, and eggs can be included in this diet.

Foods to avoid

Foods that should be avoided or consumed in moderation include:

• Dairy products: milk, yogurt, butter, cheese

• Fatty cuts of red meat: rump steak, flank steak, lamb

• Added fats: margarine, soybean oil, sunflower oil, ready-made sauces

• Sugary foods: sweetened cereals, cereal bars, candies, soft drinks

• Highly processed foods: fast food, frozen meals, ice cream

Avoiding these foods helps maintain the traditional balance of the Japanese diet and supports its health benefits. According to the American Heart Association, limiting foods high in sodium, added sugars, and saturated fat helps support heart health and aligns with a healthier dietary pattern.

How to get started

The Japanese diet usually includes three main meals a day (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) and emphasizes fresh vegetables, fish, soy products, and seafood. To adopt this pattern gradually, you can:

• Replace red meat with fish or seafood 2-3 times per week

• Incorporate soy foods such as tofu, miso, or edamame

• Add seasonal vegetables to every meal

• Swap sugary drinks for green tea or water

• Follow hara hachi bu, which means eating until you feel about 80% full

Meal preparation strategies include cooking rice in batches, making dashi stock ahead of time, and prepping vegetables for quick assembly.

Sample 7-day meal plan

The following table outlines a 7-day meal plan for the Japanese diet:

This Japanese diet plan is only an example and should be adapted to each person’s preferences. Because it is a very restrictive eating pattern, it should be followed only for a short time and ideally under the guidance of a nutritionist.

Health benefits

The Japanese diet is associated with several benefits, including:

1. Improved mental health

A large study involving more than 12,000 Japanese workers found that individuals who closely followed traditional Japanese dietary patterns had a 17–20% lower risk of developing depressive symptoms compared with those whose diets least resembled this pattern.

The protective benefits were attributed to omega-3 fatty acids from fish, fermented soy proteins, and folate-rich vegetables, all of which play roles in supporting brain function and neurotransmitter synthesis.

2. Improved cardiovascular health

Meta-analyses indicate that adhering to a Japanese-style diet is associated with a 17% lower risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, a 20% lower risk of stroke, and a 19% lower risk of heart disease.

On average, fish consumption in Japan supplies about 1.3 g of omega-3 fatty acids per day, substantially higher than typical Western intake levels.

3. Increased longevity

A 15-year study involving more than 75,000 adults found that those who most closely adhered to the traditional Japanese diet had up to a 15% lower risk of premature death compared with individuals following a Western-style diet. Japan’s longevity has been attributed to low obesity rates, a high intake of plant-based foods and fish, and limited consumption of red meat.

4. Improved metabolic & digestive health

The diet’s high fiber content from vegetables, seaweed, and soy supports healthy digestion and satiety. Fermented foods like miso and natto help maintain a healthy gut microbiome, reducing gastrointestinal issues and supporting immune function.

Risks & considerations

The main nutritional concern with the Japanese diet is its high sodium content, largely due to frequent consumption of soy sauce, miso, and pickled vegetables.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adults should consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium per day, and excess sodium intake can increase the risk of hypertension, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases.

Although miso contains bioactive compounds that may partly mitigate its effect on blood pressure, individuals with hypertension, kidney disease, or cardiovascular conditions should still limit their sodium intake.

This eating pattern may also need modification for children, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding, and people with a history of eating disorders, and should be adapted under the guidance of a health professional.

In many cases, stomach growling is linked to normal causes like hunger, gas, or food moving through the digestive tract. However, it may also be related to food intolerances, infections, or gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS, Crohn’s disease, or celiac disease.

Understanding what triggers stomach growling is important to distinguish between normal digestion and possible health problems. Recognizing related symptoms like pain, bloating, nausea, or diarrhea can help determine when medical evaluation may be necessary.

Why is my stomach growling?

The main causes of stomach growling are:

1. Hunger

Hunger is one of the most common causes of stomach noises. When we feel hungry, there is an increased production of specific substances in the brain that signal hunger cues and cause contraction of the bowels and stomach. This results in gurgling sounds.

How to stop it: When hunger is the cause of growling noises, the best thing to do is to eat something. Choose healthy foods that are rich in fiber to encourage bowel movements and easy digestion.

2. Gas

If there is a larger proportion of gas to liquid passing through the digestive system, this will also cause the stomach to growl. Certain foods may also cause more gas and bloating.

How to stop it: It’s important to avoid eating too many foods that can cause gas, like beans or cabbage. These foods ferment a lot during the digestive process and increase the quantity of gas produced, which leads to growling noises. Read more about home remedies for gas that you can try to get rid of stomach noises.

3. Food digestion

After eating, digestion can also cause rumbling in the stomach, as food, liquids or gases pass through the stomach and intestines. This gastrointestinal movement is referred to as peristalsis.

How to stop it: This is a normal finding, however, it is recommended that you eat slowly, chew your food well, and avoid foods that produce gas, such as beans, broccoli, sweets, milk, potatoes, broccoli, eggs, lentils and cabbage, for example. This will help to reduce discomfort and rumbling. See the full list of foods that cause gas.

4. Intestinal inflammation or infections

Stomach growling can also happen due to bowel infections or inflammation, especially in people with a history of Crohn’s disease. In these cases, other accompanying symptoms are expected, such as pain and discomfort, malaise, nausea or diarrhea.

How to stop it: If gurgling combined with other symptoms emerge in the presence of intestinal infection or inflammation, proceed to the emergency department so that dehydration, nutritional deficiencies and other complications can be prevented. Additionally, it’s important to rest, follow a healthy diet, and use medication only if indicated by a doctor.

5. Bowel obstruction

Bowel obstruction can also lead to stomach noises due to increased peristaltic movement in the intestines. This increased movement occurs to help with liquid and gas that are unable to pass through a blocked intestine, and results in stomach gurgling. 

A bowel obstruction is a very serious condition that can be caused by worms, intestinal endometriosis, inflammatory diseases or hernias. In these cases, other symptoms will accompany stomach rumbling, such as abdominal pain, strong cramps, lack of appetite and nausea. 

How to stop it: Treatment for bowel obstruction depends on the initial cause of the obstruction. Regardless, treatment should be completed in a hospital setting to prevent complications.

6. Hernia

A hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes out of the abdominal wall. Hernias can cause constipation, and therefore stomach rumbles. In addition, other symptoms may arise, such as pain, swelling, redness, nausea, and vomiting.  

How to stop it: If you detect a hernia, you should see a surgeon immediately for assessment. Depending on the severity, surgery will be considered. Surgical intervention can prevent further complications, such as strangulation of an abdominal organ (which leads to a decrease in blood flow in the location and, consequently, necrosis).

7. Food intolerance

Stomach growling can be a sign of a food intolerance, which is associated with difficulty in digesting certain foods like milk, bread, pasta, or food additives such as colorings or preservatives, for example.

In addition to noises in the stomach, other symptoms include a bloated stomach, excess gas, diarrhea, nausea or abdominal cramps.

How to stop it: You should identify the food that caused the intolerance and consult a gastroenterologist to confirm a diagnosis. The doctor will recommend adhering to a specific diet, as directed by a registered dietitian, You should also keep your body well hydrated and take small sips of water or homemade saline regularly, to prevent dehydration that may follow diarrhea. 

8. Irritable bowel syndrome

Noises in the stomach can be caused by irritable bowel syndrome, which is a gastrointestinal disorder characterized by inflammation of the intestinal villi.

Irritable bowel syndrome usually leads to excessive gas production, as well as other symptoms such as abdominal bloating, pain and periods of diarrhea alternating with constipation.

Although the cause of irritable bowel syndrome is not completely known, symptoms tend to worsen during periods of stress and anxiety. 

How to stop it: Treatment is directed by a gastroenterologist and involves dietary changes and/or the use of probiotic medicines and antidepressants, which calm both the pain and other symptoms. In addition, you should ensure stress is well-managed to prevent flare-ups and worsening. Read about the IBS diet your doctor may recommend to manage symptoms.

9. Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease caused by inflammation in the intestinal mucosa that can result in bleeding or ulcers in the intestines. Common symptoms include watery diarrhea with bright blood or brown or black, foul-smelling diarrhea.

This condition is also associated with excess gas, which can result in stomach growling, abdominal pain, mucus in the stool, fever, as well as diarrhea that can be chronic, and anemia due to intestinal bleeding.

How to stop it: Treatment is directed by a gastroenterologist and varies according to the severity of the symptoms. Immunosuppressive drugs, biological therapy or even surgery may be indicated. An ulcerative colitis diet may also be beneficial in relieving symptoms and preventing flare-ups.

10. Crohn\'s disease

Crohn\'s disease is another inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal lining. It causes symptoms such as watery diarrhea, which can be yellow due to malabsorption of nutrients, abdominal pain or stools with blood or mucus. Learn more about the symptoms of Crohn\'s disease and how it can present.

In addition, this disease can lead to an increase in intestinal gas which leads to stomach growling.

Crohn\'s disease can be caused by genetic factors or a malfunctioning immune system.

How to stop it: You should adhere to treatment as recommended by your gastroenterologist, which usually involves the use of corticosteroid medication, immunosuppressants or biological therapy, as well as changes to your eating habits and adhering to a Crohn\'s disease diet. In some cases, the doctor may also recommend surgery to remove the damaged parts of the intestine.

11. Celiac disease

Celiac disease is characterized by a severe intolerance to gluten that causes irritation and malabsorption in the intestine when consuming foods containing wheat, rye or barley. This leads to an increase in bowel movement speeds  resulting in stomach growling.

In addition, this disease can cause excess gas, oily or frothy diarrhea with a bad smell, or bloating in the stomach.

Usually, people with celiac disease show an improvement in their symptoms when they remove foods with gluten from their diet.

How to stop it: Treatment should be carried out as directed by a gastroenterologist, who may recommend a gluten-free diet and, in some cases, the use of immunosuppressant drugs. Learn more about the celiac disease diet that your doctor may suggest.

When to go to the doctor

You should see a doctor if you have other symptoms, such as:

• Pain
• Significant bloating or swelling;
• Fever;
• Nausea;
• Vomiting;
• Frequent diarrhea or constipation;
• Blood in stool;
• Rapid weight loss with no apparent cause.

Depending on the symptoms, the doctor may order exams such as CT scan, endoscopy or blood tests, so that the cause can be identified and the most appropriate treatment can be started.

Whether addressing afternoon brain fog, slow digestion after meals, or thinning hair, the consumption of this aromatic herb offers a natural solution. Studies indicate that rosemary tea benefits extend to digestion, circulation, and mental focus, while also showing potential for hair growth and blood sugar regulation.

Although generally considered safe, understanding the proper preparation and precautions ensures it remains a healthy addition to daily routines. These properties give rosemary tea a significant role in supporting overall health and well-being.

How to make rosemary tea

Ingredients

• 5 g of fresh rosemary leaves

• 250 ml (or 8 oz) of boiling water

How to prepare

Add the rosemary to a pot of hot water and allow it to soak for 5 to 10 minutes, with the pot covered. Strain with a mesh sieve and wait for it to cool. You can take this, unsweetened, 3 to 4 times per day.

In addition to using it in tea, rosemary can also be used as an aromatic herb to season certain foods. It is available as dried leaves, or in oil form, or as fresh branches. The essential oil form can be particularly used as an addition to bath water, or as a massage oil for painful regions of the body.

Fresh vs. dried vs. tea bags: Which is best?

Not all rosemary tea is created equal, as the form chosen affects the potency of the essential oils and antioxidants received.

• Fresh rosemary (The Gold Standard): Fresh sprigs contain the highest concentration of volatile oils, providing superior aroma and cognitive benefits. Studies show fresh leaf oil possesses excellent antioxidant activity with a vibrant profile of terpenes like eucalyptol.

• Dried Whole Leaves (Best for Convenience): High-quality dried leaves serve as an excellent alternative where polyphenols remain highly stable. It is advisable to look for loose leaf dried rosemary rather than powder to ensure the presence of real leaves.

• Tea Bags (Use with Caution): Standard grocery store tea bags often contain dust or fannings, causing essential oils to evaporate and antioxidants to degrade faster. If bags are necessary, pyramid-shaped ones containing visible whole leaf pieces are preferable.

How long can I drink this tea for?

There is no defined limit for drinking rosemary tea. However, herb and plant specialists recommend taking rosemary tea for 3 months at a time, with at least 1 month break intervals.

Can I add cinnamon to rosemary tea?

Yes, there are no contraindications to using cinnamon together with the rosemary. All you need to do is add a cinnamon stick or cinnamon powder to the tea recipe.

Rosemary formats comparison

The following table outlines the differences between tea, oil, and capsules to aid in selection.

Health benefits

Rosemary tea can provide health benefits such as:

1. Promote hair growth

Scientific evidence shows rosemary oil can be as effective as minoxidil (Rogaine) for hair regrowth. A 2025 clinical trial found that rosemary oil blends significantly increased hair density and reduced hair fall by improving scalp circulation.

• How-to guide: Brew a very strong rosemary tea, let it cool, and use it as a final hair rinse after showering. Alternatively, massage diluted rosemary oil into the scalp twice daily.

2. Boost focus and memory

Inhalation of rosemary essential oil has been proven to increase alertness and math computation speed in nursing staff and students by stimulating brain wave activity.

• How-to guide: Inhale the steam from a hot tea cup while working, or place a diffuser with rosemary oil on the desk.

3. Soothe indigestion and bloating

Rosemary acts as a natural antispasmodic, meaning it relaxes stomach muscles. Compounds in rosemary relax the smooth muscles of the intestine, reducing cramping and gas.

• How-to guide: Drink one cup of warm rosemary tea 30 minutes after a heavy meal to prevent bloating.

4. Manage blood sugar spikes

Rosemary contains carnosic acid, which mimics insulin and helps muscle cells absorb glucose, lowering blood sugar levels.

• How-to guide: Pair rosemary tea with carbohydrate-heavy meals (like pasta or bread) to help blunt the glucose spike.

5. Protect your eyes (Macular degeneration)

Carnosic acid in rosemary protects retinal cells from toxicity and age-related damage caused by oxidative stress.

• How-to guide: Make rosemary tea a regular part of the weekly diet to provide long-term antioxidant protection for vision.

6. Fight daily fatigue

Unlike caffeine, which can cause jitters, rosemary increases alertness without the crash. Studies on shift workers found that rosemary aromatherapy significantly reduced sleepiness scores compared to controls.

• How-to guide: Swap the second afternoon coffee for a cup of rosemary tea to stay awake and sharp.

7. Reduce anxiety and stress

While it increases alertness, rosemary extract also lowers cortisol (stress hormone) levels and has shown anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects in university students.

• How-to guide: Sip slowly in a quiet environment; the act of smelling the tea reduces physiological stress markers.

8. Protect your liver

Rosemary extract helps the liver produce its own antioxidant enzymes and protects liver tissue from damage caused by toxins and fats.

• How-to guide: If a period of poor eating or alcohol consumption has occurred, use rosemary tea as a gentle daily detox support for 1-2 weeks.

9. Relieve pain and inflammation

Rosemary acts similarly to mild anti-inflammatory drugs by inhibiting inflammatory pathways in the body.

• How-to guide: For general joint pain, drink the tea daily. For targeted muscle pain, use the essential oil (diluted) topically on the sore area.

10. Support brain health (Neuroprotection)

Animal studies suggest rosemary can prevent the formation of beta-amyloid plaques, which are linked to Alzheimer\'s disease.

• How-to guide: Consistency is key; drink 3-4 cups per week as a preventative measure for long-term cognitive health.

Possible side effects

Rosemary tea is considered to be very safe, however drinking it in large quantities can result in nausea and vomiting.

Essential oils should not be applied directly to the skin, as it can cause dermal irritation. It should be avoided on open wounds. Rosemary oil can also trigger seizures in people with epilepsy.

People who take medication for high blood pressure should use rosemary with caution, as rosemary tea can cause a drop in blood pressure. Those who take diuretics should also be careful, as rosemary can also cause electrolyte imbalances.

Contraindications and considerations

Rosemary tea should not be consumed by pregnant or breastfeeding women or by children under the age of 5. People with liver disease should also avoid drinking this tea, as it can trigger the release of bilirubin, which can worsen the disease and any symptoms.

Rosemary can also interact with medications like anticoagulants, diuretics, lithium and antihypertensives. Therefore, if you are taking any of these medications, you should consult your doctor before drinking rosemary tea.

Some studies also show that rosemary essential oil can also trigger seizures in people with epilepsy. Therefore, if you have a history of epilepsy, rosemary should be used with caution and under medical guidance.

Sores on the penis may occur along with itching, burning, swelling, pain, or discharge, and the pattern of symptoms can help narrow down the cause. Infections are also possible, including genital herpes, syphilis, lymphogranuloma venereum, HPV, mpox, pubic lice, and urethritis, while autoimmune conditions and penile cancer are less common but important to rule out.

Because sores on penis have many possible causes, evaluation by a urologist often includes a physical exam and tests such as swabs, urine testing, and blood work for sexually transmitted infections. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include protective ointments, corticosteroid creams, antifungals, antibiotics, antivirals, or other targeted therapies.

Symptom quiz

Enter your symptoms below to determine what may be causing your penile sores:

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Please note that this tool is only a guide, and does not provide a diagnosis or replace an assessment with a healthcare provider.

Why do I have sores on my penis?

The most common causes of sores on the penis are:

1. Friction on the glans

Friction on the glans, or head, of the penis can be the result of excessive rubbing during vaginal, anal, or oral sex, or from rubbing against clothing.

In addition to small wounds or cuts, other symptoms include localized redness, pain, and bleeding, which in some cases require immediate treatment.

How to heal: If you notice a wound or a crack on the head of your penis that may be caused by friction, it’s best to see a urologist for an evaluation and proper treatment to promote healing.

2. Skin irritation

Some people may experience skin sensitivity from certain fabrics or hygiene products, which can trigger redness, skin peeling, open sores, itching, and burning.

Penis irritation can result from friction, such as rubbing against clothing or during sexual activity. It can also occur due to poor hygiene, as sweat, oil, and microorganisms that build up on the skin may lead to a penile inflammation known as balanitis. 

How to heal: If irritation is allergy-related, you should avoid contact with the triggering allergen. Antihistamine tablets or creams can help relieve symptoms, and moisturizing creams may promote healing of the affected skin.

Balanitis is usually treated with corticosteroid, antifungal, or antibiotic creams. With proper treatment, the lesions typically heal within about one week.

3. Allergies

A sore on the penis may appear due to an allergy to certain fabrics, soaps, hygiene products, or latex in condoms.

These products can cause skin irritation and inflammation around the penis as well as redness, flaking, ulcers, itching, and burning.

How to heal: It’s important to identify and avoid the substance or material that triggers the allergy. In some cases, doctors may prescribe anti-allergy medications, such as hydroxyzine, in ointment or tablet form to help relieve symptoms.

4. Diabetes

Poorly managed diabetes can increase the risk of inflammation or infection of the penis or foreskin, such as balanitis or balanoposthitis.

These infections are often caused by the Candida albicans fungus and can result in redness, itching, swelling, and the formation of small wounds or fissures on the penis.

How to heal: You should consult a urologist for evaluation and treatment, which usually includes antifungal ointments and/or corticosteroid creams. The doctor may also recommend improving your personal hygiene to help prevent future reinfections.

In addition, maintaining normal blood sugar levels is essential.

5. Genital herpes

Genital herpes is one of the most common causes of sores on the penis. It is caused by the herpes simplex virus, which spreads through contact with a person who has active, open sores.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), herpes simplex virus infection can cause painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection, including the genitals.

How to heal: Genital herpes should be treated under the supervision of a healthcare provider. The provider may prescribe antiviral medications, such as acyclovir or famciclovir, in pill or cream form to limit the virus’s replication.

In addition, topical creams or gels containing anesthetics like lidocaine can help relieve symptoms such as pain and burning.

6. Syphilis

Syphilis is an infection caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), during the primary stage of syphilis, sores are usually (but not always) firm, round, and painless, and they can occur in, on, or around the penis.

This infection is often transmitted through unprotected sex from an infected partner. If left untreated, syphilis can lead to more advanced stages of infection, like secondary or tertiary syphilis.

How to heal: If you notice any syphilis symptoms, contact your primary care provider as soon as possible so they can start appropriate treatment promptly.

7. Lymphogranuloma venereum

Lymphogranuloma venereum is is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. It usually causes painless sores or small fluid-filled blisters, which can appear 3 to 5 days after initial exposure to the bacteria.

In addition, the sores or lumps may develop into painful, bleeding ulcers at the infection site, which later heal into bumps.

How to heal: Treatment is managed by a urologist, who may prescribe antibiotics to eliminate the infection-causing bacteria.

It is also important for all sexual partners to receive treatment to prevent reinfection, even if they have no symptoms.

8. HPV

HPV is an STI that spreads through unprotected sexual contact with someone who has the virus. It can cause genital warts as well as lumps or sores on the penis.

How to heal: Treatment should be managed by a urologist, who may prescribe topical ointments or acid-based applications to treat the HPV warts. In more severe cases, surgical removal may be necessary.

9. Donovanosis

Donovanosis, also known as granuloma inguinale, is another STI that is caused by Klebsiella granulomatis bacteria.

Generally, swelling may develop in the genital area about 3 days after infection. If untreated, this can progress to painful wounds or ulcers, often on the penis, that grow larger over time and bleed easily.

How to heal: Treatment for donovanosis requires prescription antibiotics to eradicate the bacteria. More extensive lesions may also need surgical intervention.

10. Urethritis

Penile wounds can also occur internally, as seen in urethritis. This condition typically causes pain along with yellowish or light-colored discharge. Common causes include STIs like gonorrhea or chlamydia.

How to heal: Treatment should be guided by a urologist and usually involves the use of antibiotics, depending on the type of bacteria that caused the infection.

11. Mpox

Mpox (formerly monkeypox) is a viral infection caused by a virus from the Orthopoxvirus genus. It leads to symptoms like fever, chills, and painful, itchy blisters or sores on the skin.

This sexually transmitted infection can affect the skin in any body region, including the genitals such as the penis or anus. It spreads through direct contact with secretions from blisters and sores, which heightens transmission risk during sexual intercourse.

How to heal: Treatment for this condition typically involves antiviral medications like tecovirimat, prescribed by a urologist or infectious disease specialist. Doctors may also recommend drugs such as acetaminophen to ease associated symptoms like fever or pain.

12. Pubic lice

Pubic lice, also known as an STI, results from infestation by the Pthirus pubis louse species. It spreads primarily through sexual contact with an infected person.

This STI often causes intense genital itching, particularly in the pubic area or scrotum, along with inflammation, bumps, or sores from excessive scratching.

How to heal: Treatment should be guided by a urologist or dermatologist. It usually involves applying a lotion or shampoo containing 1% permethrin, with a second application required after 1 week.

13. Autoimmune disease

Certain autoimmune diseases can cause penile or genital sores, such as Behçet\'s disease, pemphigus, lichen planus, Crohn\'s disease, Reiter\'s syndrome (reactive arthritis), erythema multiforme, and dermatitis herpetiformis.

These conditions often produce lesions in other body areas too. Systemic symptoms like fever, fatigue, or weight loss are also common.

How to heal: Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases typically occur under the supervision of a rheumatologist or dermatologist. These specialists often prescribe medications such as immunosuppressants or corticosteroids to regulate the immune system and alleviate symptoms.

14. Cancer

Penile cancer is very rare. It involves a tumor that develops on the penis shaft or scrotal skin, often appearing as sores, nodules, or changes in skin color and texture.

This cancer mainly affects men over 60, but younger men who smoke or have poor hygiene are also at risk.

How to heal: Cancer treatment is guided by an oncologist and urologist. Options may include medications, surgery to remove affected tissue, and/or chemotherapy or radiation therapy, depending on the cancer stage and lesion severity.

Vaginal pain during pregnancy can also be linked to dryness, intense sexual activity, or irritation from soaps, condoms, or lubricants. These causes often improve with changes in routine, better lubrication, or avoiding irritating products.

However, vaginal pain during pregnancy accompanied by burning, discharge, bleeding, or sharp cramps may signal conditions like UTIs, STIs, vaginismus, or a Bartholin’s cyst. Treatment varies depending on the cause and may include medication, cold compresses, pelvic floor therapy, or lifestyle adjustments.

What causes vaginal pain during pregnancy?

Vaginal pain or cramps can occur during pregnancy for the following reasons:

1. Normal development of the baby

While the baby grows and gains weight inside the uterus, it also increases pressure on the pelvic floor muscles, which are muscles that support the uterus and the vagina. This can cause intense discomfort or pain in the vagina, which is more common during the third trimester of pregnancy.

In addition, because of the pressure caused by the growing baby, there may be a decrease in blood flow to the pelvic area, which can cause the vagina to become swollen and more painful. Based on clinical information from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the expanding uterus can place significant pressure on pelvic veins, which may impede blood flow and lead to swelling or discomfort in the vaginal area.

How to relieve: There are some ways that you can relieve pressure and reduce pain, like avoiding standing for prolonged periods, placing a cold compress on the pelvic area, and resting after activity. Even though discomfort is more common at the end of pregnancy, it\'s important to see your obstetrician if the pain is too intense and stops you from walking or doing normal day-to-day activities.

2. Vaginal dryness

Vaginal dryness is also very common during pregnancy. It occurs due to the increase in progesterone, although the expectant mother\'s natural anxiety can also contribute to dryness. As a result, women can experience pain during sexual intercourse. 

Learn more about what can cause vaginal dryness and how it can be relieved.

How to relieve: it\'s important to identify the cause of dryness, and to see your obstetrician. He or she may suggest use of a lubricant, changes in diet and/or exercise or routines that may help decrease anxiety. 

3. Intense vaginal sex

Vaginal pain during pregnancy can also happen after intense vaginal sex which, due to the friction caused by penetration or lack of lubrication, may lead to vaginal irritation, swelling, and pain.

How to relieve: Identify the cause with your obstetrician. They may suggest using a water-based lubricant during intercourse to reduce friction without damaging condoms. Reducing anxiety through gentle exercise or prenatal yoga may also help natural lubrication return.

4. Vaginismus

Vaginismus is a condition where the vaginal muscles contract and cannot relax naturally, causing pain in the vagina and difficulty with penetration. This situation may appear during pregnancy, but may be present before pregnancy.  

How to relieve: Consult your doctor or a pelvic floor therapist. They will assess the pelvic muscles to identify the cause of the vaginismus and from there they will indicate suitable treatment.  

5. Rash

Sometimes expectant mothers can get a rash in the genital area when they use certain products that contain irritant ingredients (e.g. soap, condoms, vaginal creams, or lubricants). This can cause swelling, itchiness, redness, and pain in the vagina.

How to relieve: It\'s important to identify the product that may be triggering symptoms and discontinue it immediately. To relieve symptoms, you can place a cold compress on the external genital area. However, in cases in which symptoms do not improve or if they become more intense, consult your doctor for assessment and treatment

6. UTI

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition during pregnancy. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pregnancy increases the risk of urinary tract infections due to bodily changes, and these infections often present with symptoms including pelvic pain, a burning sensation during urination, and cloudy urine.

How to relieve: See your doctor immediately. Antibiotics are the only effective treatment for a UTI during pregnancy. Drinking plenty of water can help flush bacteria from your system and may slightly ease discomfort while you wait for the medication to work. Avoid holding your urin and go as soon as you feel the urge.

See the treatment for UTIs during pregnancy that your doctor may consider.

7. STIs

Sexually-transmitted infections, known as STIs, can cause vaginal pain in pregnancy. This is particularly the case with chlamydia and genital herpes. Other symptoms include itchiness and burning.

Learn more about the most common STIs and how each infection presents. 

How to relieve: if you have any symptoms that may indicate an STI, you should see your doctor for assessment. If confirmed, the doctor will initiate treatment, which will likely be done with medication. You should avoid having sex during treatment and ensure that your sexual partner is aware to seek assessment and possible treatment.  

8. Bartholin\'s cyst

Vaginal pain during pregnancy may also occur when there are cysts in the Bartholin\'s glands (also referred to as Bartholin cysts), which happen due to an obstruction of the gland. This can cause swelling and vaginal pain, especially when there is inflammation in the glands. 

How to relieve: See your doctor to confirm the diagnosis. If the cyst is not infected, they may recommend warm sitz baths (sitting in a few inches of warm water) several times a day to help the cyst drain and relieve pain. Avoid squeezing or popping the cyst, as this can lead to serious infection.

9. Lightning crotch

Lightning crotch is a term used to describe a sudden, sharp, shooting pain in the vagina, cervix, or pelvic area during pregnancy. This pain is caused by the baby’s position and movement, which can put pressure on nerves near the cervix.

It is more common in the third trimester as the baby drops lower into the pelvis in preparation for birth.

How to relieve: Although the pain is brief, it can be uncomfortable. Changing positions, standing up slowly, or resting may help reduce the frequency of these sensations. Gentle movement, prenatal stretching, or wearing a pelvic support belt may also provide relief.

If the pain becomes frequent, severe, or is accompanied by other symptoms like bleeding or regular contractions, you should contact your obstetrician for further evaluation.

Water utilities are required to remove harmful germs and limit chemicals like lead and bacteria. They must also test water regularly and notify the public if safety standards are not met. This system helps ensure that the water reaching your home is monitored and treated to reduce health risks.

That said, safety can vary depending on location and infrastructure. Issues like aging pipes, local contamination, or temporary system failures can affect water quality. Private wells are not regulated in the same way, so they may require separate testing.

If you are unsure about your local water quality, you can check your area’s water report or consider using a home filter. If you notice unusual taste, color, or smell, avoid drinking it until it is tested. For specific concerns, speaking with a healthcare provider or local public health department is a good next step.

That said, safety is not guaranteed. Some peptides can trigger immune reactions, such as allergies or the body forming antibodies against them. There are also risks linked to impurities, poor manufacturing quality, or incorrect dosing, which can affect how the body responds.

Another important point is that not all peptides are regulated the same way. Products sold online or used outside of approved medical settings may lack proper testing, and some have been flagged for potential safety risks due to limited human data or quality concerns.

If you are considering peptide use, it is best to speak with a healthcare provider who can evaluate whether it is appropriate and safe for you. Avoid using unapproved products or self-medicating, as this increases the risk of side effects and complications.

Most cases of swelling tend to improve throughout the day or after resting with your feet elevated. You should seek medical advice if the swelling is accompanied by other symptoms like fever, chills, or persistent headaches.

Simple lifestyle changes such as wearing compression stockings or elevating your legs can offer significant relief. Your healthcare provider may also suggest specific treatments depending on the underlying cause of your discomfort.

Why are my feet swollen?

The primary causes of swollen feet include:

1. Prolonged standing or sitting

When you spend too much time sitting or standing, blood circulation can slow down, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart. This causes fluid to pool in the lower limbs, resulting in swollen feet along with a heavy sensation or tingling in the legs.

How to treat: It is recommended to avoid staying in one position for too long and to perform regular stretching exercises to boost circulation. Additionally, elevating your legs can help encourage blood flow back toward the heart.

2. Medication side effects

Certain drugs, such as corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, steroids, antidepressants, and blood pressure or heart medications, can cause fluid retention. This side effect frequently leads to noticeable swelling in the feet.

How to treat: Generally, the swelling will gradually decrease once the medication is stopped. It is essential to consult your doctor to evaluate the swelling and determine if your prescription can be safely adjusted or switched.

3. Pregnancy

It is very common for feet and ankles to swell during pregnancy because the body produces more blood and the growing uterus puts pressure on pelvic veins. This typically interferes with circulation and is most noticeable from the fifth month of pregnancy onward.

How to treat: In these cases, a doctor may suggest wearing compression stockings to support circulation. Keeping your legs elevated while sitting or lying down is also highly effective for reducing discomfort.

4. Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a serious condition that can develop after the 20th week of pregnancy, characterized by high blood pressure. It occurs when placental blood vessels do not develop properly, restricting blood flow and causing significant swelling in the feet and ankles.

Beyond swollen feet, preeclampsia can cause symptoms like headaches, decreased urination, sudden weight gain, and blurred vision. High blood pressure readings are the primary clinical sign of this condition.

How to treat: It is vital to see an obstetrician immediately to monitor blood pressure and assess the severity of the condition. Treatment may involve bed rest, specialized medications, and dietary changes like reducing salt intake.

In severe instances, hospitalization is required to prevent complications such as HELLP syndrome, placental abruption, or seizures.

5. Lymphedema

Lymphedema happens when lymphatic fluid builds up in the soft tissues, often after surgery, infections, or inflammatory diseases. This blockage prevents proper drainage, leading to persistent swelling in the feet and other areas of the body.

How to treat: You should consult a specialist to determine the best course of treatment. Management usually includes physical therapy, the use of compression bandages, specific exercises, and sometimes medication.

6. Venous insufficiency

Venous insufficiency occurs when the valves in the leg veins do not work effectively, making it hard for blood to return to the heart from the limbs. This causes fluid to leak into surrounding tissues, resulting in swollen feet, leg cramps, and a tingling sensation.

How to treat: A cardiologist or vascular specialist can confirm this diagnosis. Treatment typically involves the use of medical-grade compression stockings and specific medications to improve venous tone.

7. Elephantiasis

Elephantiasis, often called filariasis, is a tropical disease caused by parasites transmitted through mosquito bites. These parasites block the lymphatic system, leading to severe fluid accumulation and swelling in the feet and ankles.

Other common symptoms include fever, headache, chills, and swollen lymph nodes in the groin area. In some cases, it can also cause significant swelling in the scrotum.

How to treat: Treatment is overseen by an infectious disease specialist. It usually involves antiparasitic medications like ivermectin combined with albendazole, though surgery may be necessary in advanced cases.

8. Thrombosis

Thrombosis involves the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein, which obstructs normal blood flow. This causes swelling in the feet and legs, often accompanied by pain in the calf or thigh, difficulty walking, and warmth in the affected area.

How to treat: You should seek immediate care from a vascular surgeon or general practitioner. Treatment focuses on preventing the clot from growing or traveling to the lungs, typically through the use of anticoagulant medications.

9. Varicose veins

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that occur when vein walls and valves are weak. This prevents efficient blood return to the heart, leading to swollen feet, itchy skin, dark spots on the legs, and a feeling of leg fatigue.

How to treat: A vascular surgeon may recommend procedures to remove or close the affected veins to improve blood flow. Other recommendations include regular exercise, lymphatic drainage massage, and wearing compression stockings.

Read more about how to get rid of varicose veins using natural remedies.

10. Kidney issues

Conditions that impair kidney function, such as chronic kidney disease or infections, prevent the body from properly filtering waste and fluid. This often manifests as swollen feet, back pain, itchy skin, and changes in urination patterns.

How to treat:  It is important to see a nephrologist to treat the underlying cause. Management may include dietary restrictions, increased water intake, specific medications, or dialysis in more advanced stages.

11. Lipedema

Lipedema is a chronic condition characterized by a symmetric buildup of fat in the legs and feet. This often leads to swelling, tenderness, easy bruising, and a heavy feeling that can make walking difficult.

How to treat: Treatment aims to manage symptoms and improve mobility under the care of a physician. Common approaches include manual lymphatic drainage, physical therapy, and consistent use of compression garments.

12. Liver failure

Liver failure occurs when the liver is too damaged to function, which can lead to a drop in protein levels that normally keep fluid in the bloodstream. This results in fluid leaking into the tissues of the legs and feet, as well as abdominal swelling, jaundice, and dark urine.

How to treat: A hepatologist will determine the treatment based on the cause of liver damage. This may involve strict dietary changes, medications to manage complications, or a liver transplant in life-threatening cases.

Raw milk may carry germs like E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter. These can lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and, in some cases, severe complications like kidney problems or hospitalization. Pasteurization helps eliminate these bacteria without significantly changing the nutritional value of milk.

Outbreaks linked to raw milk have been reported over many years, with higher risks for children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. Even milk from healthy animals and clean farms can still become contaminated, and good hygiene alone does not fully remove this risk.

If you are considering raw milk for perceived health benefits, it is important to know that there is no strong evidence that it offers advantages over pasteurized milk. For safe nutrition choices, speak with a registered dietitian or healthcare provider and avoid self-directed dietary changes that may increase health risks.

These seeds contain nutrients such as healthy fats, protein, and plant compounds with antioxidant activity. Because of this, apricot seeds have gained attention for their possible health effects.

However, apricot seeds also contain a natural substance called amygdalin, which can release cyanide in the body. This makes it important to understand both their potential benefits and their risks before including them in the diet.

Health benefits

Apricot seeds contain several nutrients and bioactive compounds that may support health.

1. May provide antioxidant support

Apricot seeds contain compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids that help fight oxidative stress. These antioxidants may protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. This effect may support overall health and reduce inflammation.

2. May support heart health

Some studies suggest that apricot seeds may help improve lipid levels, including certain cholesterol markers. Their content of healthy fats may contribute to better cardiovascular function. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects in humans.

3. May have anti-inflammatory properties

Compounds found in apricot seeds may help reduce inflammation in the body. Animal studies have shown reduced inflammatory markers after consuming extracts. This may support conditions linked to chronic inflammation.

4. May provide essential nutrients

Apricot seeds contain protein, fiber, and healthy fats, along with minerals like potassium and magnesium. These nutrients are important for energy production, muscle function, and overall health. Even small amounts can contribute to daily nutrient intake.

Although apricot seeds contain beneficial compounds, their use must always be balanced with safety considerations due to their natural toxicity.

Nutritional information

The table below shows an approximate nutritional composition for 100 g of apricot seeds:

Because recommended intake is very small, actual nutrient intake per serving is much lower.

Recommended daily dose

Health authorities advise limiting apricot seed intake due to the risk of cyanide exposure.

For adults, some safety assessments suggest no more than 1 to 3 small apricot seeds per day. In many cases, regular consumption is not recommended.

Children, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and people with certain health conditions should avoid consuming apricot seeds.

Ways to eat

Apricot seeds are sometimes used in small amounts as a flavoring ingredient rather than a main food. Common uses include:

• Added to baked goods: Ground apricot seeds can be incorporated into cookies, cakes, or bread for a slightly nutty flavor.
• Used in spreads or pastes: They may be blended into marzipan-like pastes or mixed with nuts and seeds.
• Used as oil: Apricot kernel oil can be extracted and used in salad dressings or cooking.

Apricot seeds are sometimes marketed as a natural treatment for serious diseases, including cancer. However, major health organizations do not support these claims, and the risks outweigh any unproven benefits.

Because of the potential for toxicity, apricot seeds should be treated as a food with strict limits rather than a regular dietary ingredient.

Possible side effects

Apricot seeds can cause serious side effects due to their amygdalin content, which releases cyanide in the body.

Symptoms of toxicity may include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, it can lead to low blood pressure, loss of consciousness, or even death.

The risk increases with higher intake or frequent consumption.

Contraindications

Apricot seeds are not recommended for children due to their lower body weight and higher sensitivity to cyanide.

They should also be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding because of potential risks to the baby.

People with liver conditions, metabolic disorders, or those taking certain medications should avoid apricot seeds unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Recipes

Because apricot seeds should only be used in very small amounts, they are best included as a minor ingredient.

1. Apricot seed almond-style paste

Ingredients

• 1 to 2 crushed apricot seeds

• 1 cup almond flour

• 2 tablespoons honey

• 1 teaspoon water

Preparation

Mix all ingredients until a smooth paste forms. Use small amounts as a spread or dessert filling.

2. Baked goods flavor enhancer

Ingredients

• 1 crushed apricot seed

• Muffin or cookie batter

Preparation 

Add the crushed seed to any cookie batter before baking. This gives a mild nutty flavor while keeping intake low.

Cloves contain natural compounds such as eugenol, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which are known for their antioxidant effects. When cloves are infused in water, some of these compounds are released, creating a mild herbal preparation.

Although clove water is widely used for general wellness, most of the scientific evidence comes from laboratory and animal studies. This means its benefits are still being studied, and it should not be used as a replacement for medical treatment.

Health benefits

Clove water contains natural compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that may support overall health when consumed in moderation.

1. May support digestion

Clove compounds may help stimulate the production of digestive enzymes, which can improve how food is broken down. This may help reduce symptoms such as bloating, gas, and mild stomach discomfort.

2. Has antioxidant effects

Clove water provides antioxidants such as phenolic compounds that help protect cells from oxidative stress. These compounds may reduce damage caused by free radicals, which are linked to aging and chronic diseases.

3. May reduce inflammation

Studies on clove water extract suggest it may help lower inflammatory markers in the body. This effect is linked to its ability to influence pathways involved in inflammation, although most evidence comes from laboratory research.

4. May help control microbes

Clove extracts have shown activity against certain bacteria and fungi in laboratory studies. This suggests clove water may help limit the growth of harmful microorganisms, although its effects in humans are not fully established.

5. May support metabolic health

Some animal studies suggest clove water extract may help regulate blood sugar and reduce uric acid levels. These effects may support metabolic and kidney health, but more research in humans is needed.

Nutritional information

Clove water contains only small amounts of nutrients because it is a diluted preparation. The values below are estimated based on 1 teaspoon (about 2 g) of cloves used to prepare one serving:

Overall, clove water provides only small amounts of nutrients, but it can still contribute beneficial plant compounds as part of a balanced diet.

Ways to drink

Clove water can be prepared in different simple ways depending on personal preference and desired strength.

• Soaked clove water: Cloves are soaked in water overnight and consumed the next day.
• Boiled clove infusion: Cloves are boiled in water for a few minutes and then strained before drinking.
• Warm herbal drink: Clove water can be consumed warm, sometimes combined with other spices such as cinnamon.

These preparation methods help extract beneficial compounds while keeping the drink mild and easy to include in a daily routine.

Possible side effects

Clove water is generally safe when consumed in small amounts, but excessive intake may cause some side effects. It may lead to stomach irritation, especially in people with sensitive digestion.

Consuming large amounts over time may also place stress on the liver. In addition, clove compounds can have anticoagulant effects, which may increase the risk of bleeding.

Contraindications for use

Clove water should be avoided or used with caution in certain situations. It is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding due to limited safety data. People with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications should avoid it because of its potential to increase bleeding risk.

Individuals with liver disease should also use caution, as clove compounds may affect liver function. In addition, people taking medications for diabetes should be careful, as clove may influence blood sugar levels.

Recipes

Clove water is considered a complementary health practice rather than a treatment. While it may support general wellness, there is no strong clinical evidence proving its effectiveness for specific diseases.

Check-out some recipes below to see how you can incorporate clove water into your daily routine:

1. Simple clove water

Ingredients

• 3 cloves
• 1 cup of water

Preparation

Add cloves to water and let them soak overnight. Strain and drink in the morning.

2. Boiled clove tea

Ingredients

• 3 to 4 cloves
• 1 cup of water

Preparation

Boil the cloves in water for 5 minutes. Then let cool slightly, strain, and drink

Lipedema is characterized by a disproportionate and symmetrical distribution of fat in the lower body as compared to the upper body, although it can also affect the arms. It is more common in women. While the exact cause of lipedema is unknown, it is believed to be related to genetic, metabolic, hormonal, or inflammatory changes. 

Treatment of lipedema is managed by a primary care provider or vascular surgeon and may involve lymphatic drainage massage or compression therapy to reduce swelling and discomfort; physical therapy; or even liposuction in the most severe cases.

Common symptoms

The main symptoms of lipedema are:

• Abnormal buildup of fat in the legs, buttocks, hips, and ankles;
• Localized swelling and tenderness and pain with walking;
• Difficulty walking due to fat accumulation;
• Palpable nodules underneath the skin;
• Joint pain;
• Loss of skin elasticity;
• Feeling of heaviness in the legs;
• Red or purple spider veins;
• Pockets of fat above or below the knees.

Without treatment, the accumulation of fat cells caused by lipedema can put pressure on the lymphatic vessels that are responsible for draining fluid from the tissues into the blood vessels.

This can cause a buildup of fluid in the legs, known as lymphedema, that can increase the risk for infections and prolong wound healing.

Stages of lipedema

The following table breaks down the different stages of lipedema, which are defined by certain characteristics:

Lipedema is a chronic, progressive condition that evolves over time, starting with stage I and eventually advancing to stage IV when left untreated.

Confirming a diagnosis

The diagnosis of lipedema is made by a primary care provider or vascular surgeon based on symptoms, medical history, and a physical exam that involves feeling for lipedema nodules under the skin.

Your provider may also order exams like an ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), or bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). 

These exams allow the doctor to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other health conditions with similar symptoms, such as lymphedema, obesity, and lipomas.

Your provider may also order additional tests to determine the cause of the lipedema, such as liver and kidney function tests, thyroid tests, a lipid profile, and a fasting insulin level.

Possible causes

The exact cause of lipedema is not completely understood, however it is believed to be related to genetic factors, as the condition tends to run in families.

Another factor that may contribute to the development of lipedema is hormone changes related to puberty, pregnancy, or menopause.

Treatment options

The treatment of lipedema is managed by a primary care provider or vascular surgeon, with the goal of alleviating symptoms, preserving mobility, and preventing evolution of the disease.

The main treatments for lipedema are:

1. Physical exercise

Exercise helps reduce inflammation, improve lymphatic drainage, and decrease fibrosis.

Regular physical exercise, as recommended by your doctor, helps to alleviate symptoms like pain, discomfort, and a sense of heaviness in the legs, in addition to improving mobility.

Some exercises that may be recommended for lipedema include swimming, water aerobics, walking, cycling, dance, stretching, yoga, and Pilates.

2. Lymphatic drainage massage

Lymphatic drainage massage may be indicated by your doctor to help the body eliminate excess fluid and toxins and improve drainage.

This treatment also reduces inflammation, swelling, and fibrosis, helping to relieve pain and discomfort.

Lymphatic drainage massage should be done by a physical therapist or other healthcare provider who is specialized in the treatment of lymphedema.

3. Compression therapy

Compression therapy for lipedema involves the use of compression stockings or other compression garments, including compression tights, shorts, or sleeves.

Compression therapy allows for better lymphatic drainage, helping to reduce swelling in the legs and arms.

4. Physical therapy

Physical therapy may also be prescribed by your doctor for the treatment of lipedema, and involves exercises to improve blood flow and fluid drainage to help relieve symptoms. 

In addition to exercises, your physical therapist can also perform lymphatic drainage massage or use devices like pneumatic compression or endermotherapy.

5. Diet

A specialized diet for lipedema developed by a registered dietitian can be used in combination with other lipedema treatments to reduce inflammation in the body and help lead to weight loss.

Diets that have demonstrated superior results in the treatment of lipedema include the keto diet, which helps with the breakdown of fat cells, and the low-carb diet, which is typically indicated if results from the keto diet are unsatisfactory.

Be sure to talk to your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian before starting these diets.

6. Medications

GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, liraglutide, or tirzepatide, may be prescribed to control diabetes and/or help with weight loss.

These medications are not officially approved for the treatment of lipedema, however they may be used by people with obesity or type 2 diabetes.

GLP-1 agonists should be used only as indicated by a primary care provider or an endocrinologist, and may reduce the amount of fat cells and fibrosis associated with lipedema and help alleviate symptoms.

7. Bariatric surgery

Bariatric surgery may be recommended for people with lipedema who have other comorbidities like prediabetes, diabetes, or an increased risk for cardiovascular disease.

This surgery is not a cure for lipedema, however, as lipedema fat is more resistant and may even become more visible following weight loss.

For this reason, bariatric surgery is only recommended in certain cases. Following surgery, it is recommended to continue with other treatments like exercise, lymphatic drainage massage, compressive therapy, and a well-balanced diet.

8. Liposuction

Liposuction may be indicated when other non-invasive therapies have proven ineffective at relieving symptoms.

This type of treatment involves removal of excess fat while sparing the lymphatic vessels, helping to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Is it curable?

Lipedema is not curable, however it is possible to control progression of the disease with treatments prescribed by your doctor or other healthcare provider, which help to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

This sensation is usually short-lived but can feel intense, often described as an electric shock or stabbing pain. It is commonly linked to normal changes during pregnancy, such as pressure from the baby, stretching of ligaments, or pelvic joint movement.

Although lightning crotch is generally harmless, it can be uncomfortable and sometimes concerning. Understanding its symptoms, causes, and management options can help differentiate it from more serious conditions and guide when medical evaluation may be needed.

Main symptoms

Lightning crotch typically presents with sudden and brief discomfort in the pelvic area.

Common symptoms include:

• Sharp, stabbing or electric shock-like pain in the vagina or pelvis

• Pain that lasts only a few seconds

• Sensation triggered by movement, such as standing up, walking, or shifting position

• Pain that may radiate to the groin, thighs, or lower abdomen

• Irregular episodes without a clear pattern

These symptoms are usually temporary and do not persist, which helps distinguish lightning crotch from other types of pelvic pain.

Common causes

Lightning crotch is most often associated with physical and hormonal changes during pregnancy. It is linked to conditions that affect the pelvic region.

1. Pressure on nerves

As the baby grows, it can press on nerves near the cervix and pelvic floor. This pressure can trigger sudden, sharp pain that feels like an electric shock.

2. Pelvic girdle changes

Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain occurs due to changes in the joints and ligaments of the pelvis. Hormonal changes can increase joint mobility, which may lead to instability and pain.

3. Round ligament stretching

The round ligaments support the uterus and stretch as it grows. Sudden movements can cause sharp, brief pain in the lower abdomen or groin that may feel similar to lightning crotch.

4. Pubic symphysis dysfunction

This condition involves excessive movement or separation of the joint at the front of the pelvis. It can cause sharp pain in the pubic area, especially with movement.

Confirming a diagnosis

Lightning crotch itself is not diagnosed as a separate condition. Instead, healthcare providers assess symptoms and rule out other causes of pelvic pain.

Diagnosis is usually based on the description of brief, sharp pain that occurs with movement and resolves quickly. A physical exam may be performed to check for signs of pelvic girdle pain or joint instability.

In some cases, additional evaluation may be needed to exclude other conditions, especially if the pain is persistent, severe, or associated with other symptoms.

Treatment options

Treatment focuses on reducing discomfort and managing underlying pelvic changes.

1. Lifestyle and movement adjustments

Changing positions slowly and avoiding sudden movements can help reduce pain episodes. Resting when discomfort appears may also provide relief.

2. Physical therapy

Pelvic floor physiotherapy can improve stability and reduce strain on the pelvic joints. Exercises may help strengthen supporting muscles and improve posture.

3. Support devices

Pelvic support belts can help stabilize the pelvis and reduce pressure on joints and ligaments.

4. Gentle exercise

Low-impact activities and guided exercises may help maintain strength and flexibility, which can reduce symptoms over time.

When to see a doctor

Although lightning crotch is usually harmless, medical evaluation is important if symptoms change.

Medical attention may be needed if:

• Pain becomes constant or severe

• There is difficulty walking or standing

• Pain is accompanied by fever, bleeding, or unusual discharge

• Symptoms interfere significantly with daily activities

These signs may indicate other conditions that require treatment.

Prevention measures

There is no guaranteed way to prevent lightning crotch, as it is related to normal pregnancy changes. However, some strategies may help reduce its frequency.

• Maintaining good posture

• Avoiding sudden movements

• Using supportive footwear

• Performing recommended pelvic exercises

• Using a support belt when needed

These measures can help reduce strain on the pelvic region and improve comfort

This tea may also support weight loss because garlic has a mild thermogenic effect that can increase energy expenditure. However, it should be considered a supportive measure and not a standalone treatment for overweight or obesity.

Garlic tea should be prepared with crushed garlic so the enzyme alliinase can convert alliin into allicin, one of garlic’s main active components. You can also add lemon, honey, or ginger to improve the flavor and enhance the recipe.

Main benefits

Garlic tea has many potential benefits, and may help:

1. Fight flu and colds

Garlic tea is rich in allicin, a sulfur compound with immune-supporting properties that may help the body fight flu and colds and shorten how long symptoms last.

2. Strengthen the immune system

In addition to allicin, garlic tea also contains vitamin C. Together, these compounds have antioxidant effects that may help support the immune system and help the body fight viruses, bacteria, and fungi.

3. Relieve cough

Garlic tea has expectorant properties that may help relieve cough by making mucus thinner and easier to clear.

It also has anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation in the lungs.

4. Control high blood pressure

Garlic tea may help control mild to moderate high blood pressure because it has a vasodilating effect. In other words, it may help widen blood vessels and improve blood flow, which can help lower blood pressure.

5. Lower cholesterol

Garlic tea has antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects that may help reduce bad LDL (\"bad\") cholesterol and triglycerides by limiting oxidation.

According to the CDC, high levels of LDL cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease and stroke. 

6. Prevent cardiovascular disease

Allicin in garlic tea has strong antioxidant effects that may help reduce LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and triglycerides, which can contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries.

Garlic tea may also help lower blood pressure and reduce platelet aggregation, which can help prevent clots from forming inside blood vessels. According to the American Heart Association, uncontrolled high blood pressure can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.

As a result, this tea may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke.

7. Support weight loss

The allicin in garlic tea may also help support weight loss because it is a thermogenic food that may help speed up body fat burning.

For this reason, garlic tea may be used as a supportive option in the treatment of overweight and obesity.

8. Support wound healing

Garlic tea may help support the healing of skin wounds because it has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antimicrobial effects.

When applied to the skin, it may help speed up the formation of new tissue and improve blood flow in the area.

9. Prevent premature aging

Garlic tea may also help prevent premature skin aging because the vitamin C and allicin it contains have antioxidant effects that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.

10. Control diabetes

Garlic tea may also help support control of type 2 diabetes because it may help lower blood sugar levels when consumed before meals.

For this reason, this tea may be used alongside the conventional treatment recommended by a healthcare provider.

How to make

Garlic tea should be made with fresh garlic that has been crushed or chopped. It can be prepared plain or with honey, lemon, or ginger to enhance its medicinal properties.

1. Simple garlic tea

Simple garlic tea is a natural option that may help strengthen the immune system, support cardiovascular health, and help with wound healing.

Ingredients

• 1 crushed or chopped garlic clove

• 1 cup of water

How to prepare

Boil the water, turn off the heat, and pour it into a cup with the crushed garlic. Let it steep for about 5 minutes, strain, let it cool slightly, and drink 1 cup of tea per day.

To help heal skin wounds, soak a sterile compress in the garlic tea and apply it to the affected area.

2. Garlic tea with lemon

Garlic tea with lemon contains allicin and is also rich in vitamin C. It has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties that help support the immune system and may help relieve some flu and common cold symptoms, in addition to helping relieve cough.

Ingredients

• 1 garlic clove

• 200 mL of water

• 1 tablespoon of lemon juice

How to prepare

Boil the water. Then add the crushed or chopped garlic clove to the hot water and let it steep for 5 to 10 minutes. Strain, add the lemon juice, and drink.

3. Garlic tea with ginger

Garlic tea with ginger has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties due to allicin in garlic and phenolic compounds in ginger, such as gingerol, shogaol, and zingerone.

This tea may be used to help relieve flu, colds, and cough because it helps support the immune system.

It may also help support weight loss.

Ingredients

• 3 garlic cloves, peeled and cut in half

• 1 cm of ginger root or ½ teaspoon of ground ginger

• 3 cups of water

• Honey to sweeten (optional)

How to prepare

Boil the water with the garlic. Remove from the heat and add the ginger and honey. Strain and serve right away.

Ginger should not be consumed by people who take anticoagulants.

4. Garlic tea with honey

Garlic tea with honey has expectorant, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and may be used to help relieve cough and speed recovery from flu and colds.

Honey also helps coat the throat and reduce tissue irritation, which may help ease cough.

Ingredients

• 1 crushed or chopped garlic clove

• 1 tablespoon of honey

• 1 cup of water

How to prepare

Boil the water, turn off the heat, and pour it into a cup with the crushed garlic. Let it steep for about 5 minutes. Then strain, let it cool slightly, add the honey, and drink 1 cup of tea per day.

5. Garlic tea with lemon and propolis

Garlic tea with lemon and propolis may also help support the immune system and help fight infections, relieving symptoms of flu and colds while also helping relieve cough.

Ingredients

• 1 crushed or chopped garlic clove

• 20 to 30 drops of propolis

• Juice of 1 lemon

• ½ cup of water

How to prepare

Boil the water, turn off the heat, and pour it into a cup with the garlic. Let it steep for 5 to 10 minutes. Then strain, let it cool slightly, add the lemon juice and propolis, and drink.

Possible side effects

The most common side effects of garlic tea are bad breath, body odor, intestinal gas, stomach pain, diarrhea, and bloating.

Although it is rare, this tea may also cause severe allergic reactions in people who are allergic to garlic.

Who should avoid

Garlic tea should not be consumed by children under 2 years old or by people with gastritis, ulcers, low blood pressure, or bleeding.

People who are pregnant or breastfeeding should only use garlic tea under medical supervision, because excessive use may increase the risk of miscarriage, interfere with the menstrual cycle, or alter the smell of breast milk.

People who take blood pressure medication or anticoagulants should only use garlic tea if approved by a healthcare provider.

Garlic tea that contains honey or propolis should not be consumed by people who are allergic to honey, propolis, or pollen. In these cases, these ingredients should be removed from the recipe.

Vitamin A helps the retina function properly and allows the eyes to adapt to darkness. When someone is deficient in vitamin A, it can lead to night blindness and other eye issues. In this context, eating carrots or other vitamin A–rich foods can help restore normal vision. However, if your vitamin A levels are already adequate, eating more carrots will not enhance visual acuity or give you “better than normal” vision.

Eye health depends on multiple factors, including overall diet, regular eye exams, and protection from UV light. Other nutrients like lutein and vitamin C also play a role, so focusing on a varied diet is more effective than relying on a single food.

If you notice changes in vision, it is best to consult an eye specialist. Avoid self-supplementing with high doses of vitamin A, as excess intake can be harmful.

There are two main types of audiometry: tonal and speech. Tonal audiometry identifies the range of frequencies a person can hear, while speech audiometry focuses on how well a person can understand specific words.

This test is done in a special soundproof booth, takes about 30 minutes, and does not cause pain. It is usually performed by an audiologist.

Main types

There are two main types of audiometry, which are:

1. Tonal audiometry

Tonal audiometry is a test used to assess a person’s hearing, allowing measurement of the quietest and loudest sounds they can hear across frequencies from 125 to 8000 Hz.

The hearing threshold is defined as the lowest sound intensity at which a pure tone at a given frequency is heard 50% of the time.

2. Speech audiometry

Speech audiometry evaluates a person’s ability to understand certain words and distinguish specific sounds, which are played through headphones at different sound intensities. The person must then repeat the words spoken by the examiner.

How to prepare for the test

No special preparation is needed for this test. However, in some cases, a person may be advised to avoid exposure to loud and constant noise during the 14 hours before the test.

How the test is performed

The audiometry test is performed in a soundproof booth to prevent outside noise from interfering with the exam.

According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), pure-tone testing is commonly performed with earphones or headphones, and the person is asked to signal when a sound is heard, such as by raising a hand or finger.

These sounds are played at different frequencies and are alternated between the ears. This test does not cause pain and lasts about 30 minutes.

Test results

There are different types and degrees of hearing loss, and being unable to hear pure tones below 25 dB indicates some level of hearing loss.

In detailed audiometry, hearing is considered normal when sounds from 250 to 8000 Hz can be heard at 25 dB or less.

The degree and type of hearing loss can help suggest the underlying cause and the likelihood of recovery. Conditions that may be associated with hearing loss include labyrinthitis, Ménière’s disease, a perforated eardrum, and acoustic trauma caused by very loud sounds.

How to prevent hearing loss

To prevent hearing loss, it is important to follow certain recommendations, such as:

• Keep the volume low on audio devices

• Use well-fitted headphones and, if possible, choose noise-canceling models

• Wear earplugs in very noisy places

Exposure to loud sounds can cause temporary hearing loss or ringing in the ears. According to the WHO, prolonged or repeated exposure to loud sounds can permanently damage hearing, leading to irreversible hearing loss and tinnitus.